Ecological Health Task Group
Scholarly Products 1995 - 2000
| 2000.
Radiocesium in racoons: Population differences and
potential human risks Author: Gaines, K.F., Other Author(s): C.G. Lord, I.L. Brisbin Jr., C.S. Boring, M. Gochfeld and J. Burger. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: J. Wildlife Management 64:199-208. Abstract: |
| A bayesian
approach to monitoring and assessment. Poster Author: Snodgrass, J., Other Author(s): and J. Burger. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| A comparison
of on-site hunters, sportsmen and the general public
about recreational rates and future land use preferences
for the Savannah River Site Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 43(2) 221-233. Abstract: ABSTRACT Management of ecosystems has been improved both by our consider to be suitablefuture land uses. This is particularly true with contaminated lands where decisions must be made about clean-up andfuture land use. In this paper I synthesize several surveys of public recreational rates and preferencesforfuture land use of the Savannah River Site (SRS), a Department of Energy (DoE) facility located in South Carolina. Four groups of people were interviewed: on-site hunters; sportsmen; local residents attending an event near Aiken, South Carolina; and the general public attending a festival in Columbia, South Carolina. The general public that engaged in recreational activities averaged 20 daysl year or morefor hunting andfishing, while sportsmen averaged over 50 dayslyear. All four groups rated maintaining SRS as a National Environmental Research Park (NERP) and using it for recreation as the highest preferred land uses. The general public rated hiking and camping higher than hunting and fishing, while sportsmen rated hunting higher than hiking and camping. All groups rated using SRS for homes as the lowest, or second lowest, preferred land use. There was disagreement on the ratings for industrial development, with people living closer to the site rating it higher than the general South Carolina population. These data can be used by local planners and managers in decision making regarding clean-up levels andfuture land use. The relative unanimity of views for cleaning up DoE sites, continued use of the site as a NERP and increased recreational use suggests that different groups of people share similar preferences for future use of SRS, and provides a useful paradigm for considering future land use decisions at other DoE sites nationwide. The relatively low ranking for housing and factories suggests that clean-up levels could be geared to future land use, such as recreation, which are less stringent than residential levels. |
| A New
Approach to Assessing Ecological Health at Hanford Author: Kimberling, D.N., Other Author(s): and M.A. Hawke. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: First Health of the Hanford Site Conference: Current Challenges. Richland, WA, December 3. Abstract: |
| A new
approach to assessing ecological health: Using the Index
of Biological Integrity at Hanford Author: Kimberling, D.N., Other Author(s): M.A. Hawke, and J.R. Karr. Document Type: CRESP Proceedings Publication Date: 1998 Citation: In Proceedings of The First Annual Health of the Hanford Site Conference: Current Challenges, 59-68. Richland, WA: University of Washington. Abstract: In 1989, the US Department of Energy (DOE) created the Office of Environmental Management (EM) whose challenge is to define cost-effective ways to deal with the environmental legacy of the Cold War while protecting worker, public, and ecological health. Risks arising from chemical, radidological, physical, and biological sources must be weighed before, during, and after cleanup. Evaluating local ecological condition can save time and taxpayers' money by guiding DOE away from less-productive or unproductive cleanup and away from activities that cause ecological damage or trade one costly problem for another. To effectively restore degraded areasd or to protect existing high-quality areas, the attributes of a healthy biota must be defined and used as a baseline for comparing sites or evaluating restoration success. Until we measure the biological changes that result from human actions, we cannot accurately predict their consequences, or their associated risks, for human society. For informed decision making, biologists must improve their understanding and measurement of biological condition and communicate that understanding to citizens and decision makers. An effective approach used in aquatic systems applied multimetric biological indexes, much like the indexes used to gauge economic health. |
| A risk
assessment for consumers of mourning doves Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): R.A. Kennamer, I.L. Brisbin Jr., and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Risk Analysis 18(5): 563-573. Abstract: Recreational and subsistence hunters and anglers consume a wide range of species, including birds, mammals, fish and shellfish, some of which represent significant exposure pathways for environmental toxic agents. This study focuses on the Department of Energy's (DOE's) Savannah River Site (SRS), a former nuclear weapons production facility in South Carolina. The potential risk of contaminant intake from consuming mourning doves (Zenaida macroura), the most popular United States game bird, was examined under various risk scenarios. For all of these scenarios we used the mean tissue concentration of six metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, selenium, chromium, anganese) and radiocesium, in doves collected on and near SRS. We also estimated risk to a child consuming doves that had the maximum contaminant level. We used the cancer slope factor for radiocesium, the Environmental Protection Agencies Uptake/Biokinetic model for lead, and published reference doses for the other metals. As a result of our risk assessments we recommend management of water levels in contaminated reservoirs so that lake bed sediments are not exposed to use by gamebirds and other terrestrial wildlife. Particularly, measures should be taken to insure that the hunting public does not have access to such a site. Our data also indicate that doves on popular hunting areas are exposed to excess lead, suggesting that banning lead shot for doves, as has been done for waterfowl, is desirable. |
| A risk
assessment for doves. Poster Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): R.A. Kennamer, I.L. Brisbin, Jr. and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| A risk
assessment for lead in birds Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1995 Citation: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 45: 369-396. Abstract: Recreational and subsistence hunters and anglers consume a wide range of species, including birds, mammals, fish and shellfish, some of which represent significant exposure pathways for environmental toxic agents. This study focuses on the Department of Energy's (DOE's) Savannah River Site (SRS), a former nuclear weapons production facility in South Carolina. The potential risk of contaminant intake from consuming mouming doves (Zenaida macroura), the most popular United States game bird, was examined under various risk scenarios. For all of these scenarios we used the mean tissue concentration of six metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, selenium, chromium, man- ganese) and radiocesium, in doves collected on and near SRS. We also estimated risk to a child consuming doves that had the maximum contaminant level. We used the cancer slope factor for radiocesium, the Environmental Protection Agencies Uptake/Biokinetic model for lead, and published reference doses for the other metals. As a result of our risk assessments we recommend management of water levels in contaminated reservoirs so that take bed sediments are not exposed to use by gwnebirds and other terrestrial wildlife. Particularly, measures should be taken to insure that the hunting public does not have access to such a site. Our data also indicate that doves on popular hunting areas are exposed to excess lead, suggesting that banning lead shot for doves, as has been done for waterfowl, is desirable. |
| A survey of
Idahoan' preferences for future land uses at the INEEL Author: Roush D., Other Author(s): and J. Burger Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Idaho Academy of Sciences. J. Idaho Academy of Sciences, April 1, 34:29 (abstract). Abstract: |
| Academia and
our diminishing water resources Author: Karr, J.R., Other Author(s): and E.W. Chu. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: American Society of Limnologists and Oceanographers and Ecological Society of America Joint Meeting, St. Louis, MO. June 7. Abstract: Funded in large measure by public dollars, academia holds a public trust: to educate thoughtful citizens, train knowledgeable professionals, and create and sustain a community of scholars able to benefit the public good. Yet paralleling a fragmentation of scientific knowledge that occurred two centuries ago, narrow academic training and thinking took hold and ultimately worsened the physical fragmentation and biological degradation of our lands and waters. University and agency superstructures that offer few incentives to cross the boundaries among disciplines bear much of the blame for the Earth's declining natural wealth, including its living aquatic systems. In the face of institutional reluctance to put broad scholarship above attracting research dollars, individual academics need to broaden their thinking and their ties to the public they serve. Only by so doing can the begin to reform their organizations from the inside and defend the "many things on which our future health and prosperity depend." Of these many things, none is more important than water. Every drop of water that falls to Earth eventually returns to the atmosphere in an endless, and unique, planetary water cycle. Within our solar system only Earth orbits the sun at a distance that allows large quantities of liquid water to exist at the planet's surface. Life in awesome diversity and abundance is created and sustained, not only by this presence of water, but also by the endless cycle that moves the water continuously through the land, oceans, biota, and atmosphere. Living systems rely on this water cycle and, at the same time, alter and sustain it. Life has everywhere evolved in tune with local and regional water availability. |
| Academia and
our diminishing water resources. Author: Karr, J.R., Other Author(s): and E.W. Chu. Document Type: CRESP Submitted Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: BioScience. Abstract: |
| Age
differences in metals in the blood of Herring (Largus
argentatus) and Franklin’s (Largus pipixcan) Gulls Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 33: 436-440. Abstract: Concentrations of heavy metals and selenium were measured in the blood of adult and young herring (Larus argentatus) and Franklin's (Larus pipixcan) gulls collected during the same breeding season in colonies in the New York Bight and in northwestern Minnesota, respectively. Concentrations were expected to be higher in young herring gulls collected in an urban, industrialized area, compared to young Franklin's gulls collected in a relatively pristine prairie marsh. Exposure is similar for the fledgling and adult gulls because by the time the blood of young gulls is drawn both adults and young have been eating foods from the surrounding region for two months; leading to the prediction that metal levels should be similar in adults and young. However, young Franklin's gulls had significantly higher levels of arsenic, cadmium, and manganese than adults; adults had significantly higher levels of mercury and selenium. Young herring gulls had significantly higher concentrations of arsenic and selenium, but lower levels of lead than adult herring gulls. lnterspecific comparisons indicated that young Franklin's gulls had significantly higher levels of cadmium than young herring gulls, and adult Franklin's gulls had higher levels of selenium and chromium than adult herring gulls, but for all other comparisons herring gulls had higher levels of metals in their blood. Young herring gulls chicks had higher arsenic, manganese, and selenium levels and lower cadmium and lead levels in 1993 than in 1994. Overall, the levels in the two species were usually within an order of magnitude. |
| American
Indians, hunting and fishing rates, risk and the Idaho
national engineering and environmental laboratory. Poster
Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: Hunting,fishing, and recreational rates of American Indians attending a festival at Fort Hall, idaho near the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), were examined. Nearly half of the sample lived on the Fort Hall Reservation, and half were American Indians from elsewhere in western U.S. An additional 44 White people attending the festival were also interviewed.The hypothesis that there are differences in hunting, fishing and recreational rates as a function of tribal affiliation, educational level, gender, and age was examined. Information on hunting and fishing rates are central for understanding potential exposure scenarios for American Indians if the Department of Energy's INEEL lands are ever opened to public access. Variations in hunting, fishing and photography rates were explained by tribal affiliations, gender, age, and schooling. Hunting rates were significantly higher for Indians (both those living on Fort Hall and Others) than Whites. Men generally engaged in significantly higher rates of outdoor activities than women. Potential and current hunting and fishing on and adjacent to INEEL was more similar among the local Whites and Fort Hall Indians than between these two groups and Other American Indians. |
| American
Indians, hunting, fishing rates, risk and the Idaho
National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Environmental Research Section A 80: 317-329. Abstract: Hunting, fishing, and recreational rates of 276 American Indians attending a festival at Fort Hall, near the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), were examined. Nearly half of the sample lived on the Fort Hall Reservation, and half were American Indians from elsewhere in the western United States. An additional 44 White people attending the festival were also interviewed. The hypothesis that there are differences in hunting, fishing, and recreational rates as a function of tribal affiliation, educational level, gender, and age was examined. Information on hunting and fishing rates are central for understanding potential exposure scenarios for American Indians if the Department of Energy's INEEL lands are ever opened to pubic access, and the data are important because of the existence of tribal treaties that govern the legal and cultural rights of the Shoshone-Bannock regarding INEEL lands. Variations in hunting, fishing, and photography rates were explained by tribal affiliation (except fishing), gender, age, and schooling. Hunting rates were significantly higher for Indians (both those living on Fort Hall and others) than Whites. Men engaged in significantly higher rates of outdoor activities than women (except for photography). Potential and current hunting and fishing on and adjacent to INEEL was more similar among the local Whites and Fort Hall Indians than between these two groups and other American Indians. |
| Animals as
sentinel of human health hazards of environmental
chemicals Author: van der schalie W.H., Other Author(s): H.S. Gardner, J.A. Bantle, C.T. De Rosa, R.A. Finch, J.S. Reif, R.H. Reuter, L.C. Backer, J. Burger, L.C.Folmar, and W.S.Stokes. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Environmental Health Perpectives 107(4) 309-315. Abstract: A workshop titled 'Using Sentinel Species Data to address the Potential Human Health Effects of Chemicals in the Environment," sponsored by the U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, the National Center for Environmental Assessment of the EPA,and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, was held to consider the use of sentinel and surrogate animal species data for evaluating the potential human health effects of chemicals in the environment. The workshop took a broad view of the sentinel species concept, and included mammalian and non- mammalian species, companion animals, food animals, fish, amphibians, and other wildlife. Sentinel species data included observations of wild animals in field situations as well as experimer@ tal animal data. Workshop participants identified potential applications for sentinel species data derived from monitoring programs or serendipitous observations and explored the potential use of such information in human health hazard and risk assessments and for evaluating causes or mecha- nisins of eff-ect. Although it is unlikely that sentinel species data will be used as the sole determina- tive factor in evaluating human health concerns, such data can be useful as for additional weight of evidence in a risk assessment, for providing early warning of situations requiring further study, or for monitoring the course of remedial activities. Attention was given to the factors impeding the application of sentinel species approaches and their acceptance in the scientific and regulatory coni-- munities. Workshop participants identified a number of critical research needs and opportunities for interagency collaboration that could help advance the use of sentinel species approaches. |
| Applying an
Ecological Index to Explain People's Attitudes about
Idaho's Department of Energy Site Author: Roush, D., Other Author(s): and J. Burger. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Western States Communication.Association, Vancouver, February. Abstract: |
| Are Soil
Crusts Useful Indicators of the Health of Arid Lands? A
Collaborative Approach Author: Hawke, M.A. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Society for Ecological Restoration 11th Annual International Conference, San Francisco, CA. September 23-25. Abstract: Surface soils in the semi-arid West are often bound into stable aggregates by microorganisms, lichens, and mosses. These microbiotic soil crusts may act as biological indicators and play roles crucial to successful restoration of disturbed arid lands. Their importance has been previously overlooked. At Washington's Hanford Nuclear Reservation, crusts were measured during a broader study examining the response of terrestrial plant and insect communities to human disturbances. At sites varying in disturbance history, the type and amount of crust was measured and tested as a potential metric for inclusion in a terrestrial index of biological integrity (IBI). Thirty lichens and 8 moss species have been identified. Lichen cover at 17 Hanford sites was lowest (<5%) at the most physically disturbed sites, compared to 25% at some undisturbed sites. Four regional institutions are capitalizing on new features of the World Wide Web to foster collaboration on crust research and develop a website that acts as an information resource and repository of findings. This demonstrates the potential to advance work on topics that are important to ecological restoration, but exist at the boundary of several disciplines and often do not receive adequate funding or attention. |
| Assessing
Ecological Health at Hanford: Terrestrial Invertebrates
and the Index of biological Integrity (poster) Author: Kimberling D.N., Other Author(s): and J.R. Karr. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Richland, WA. Abstract: Until we meaasure the biological changes that result from human actions, we cannot accurately predict their consequences, or their associated risks, for human society. These changes can be measured by developing and using multimetric biological indexes. Multimetric biological indexes are similar to economic indexes used to track the health of the economy. One effective biological index is the index of biological integrity (IBI), a measure of biological condition. As IBI increases, a system is better able to sustain itself and provide goods and services that human societies can rely upon. Our study is examining the responses of insects and spiders at Hanford to anthropogenic disturbance (including physical and chemical) at 13 and 19 sites in the spring of 1997 and 1998, respectively. Included in the study are several minimally disturbed sites. "Reference" sites are used to define the attributes of a healthy biota so that comparisons across sites can be made and success of restoration efforts can be assessed. We used pitfall traps and sweep-net samples to sample invertebrates. Only pitfall trap results will be presented. Changes in insect assemblages among the sites provide leads for identifying reliable attributes (metrics) for use in a terrestrial IBI. Potential attributes being examined in this study include species richness (number of species collected at a site), percentage of spiders at a site, percentage of parasitic bees, and percentage of pollinators. Other taxa are also being evaluated as indicators for disturbance. Species richness and percentage of parasitic bees generally declined from sites with least disturbance to those with most disturbance, Percentage of spiders generally increased with increasing disturbance. The relative abundance of pollinating bees differed with type of disturbance. They were relatively less abundant at sites with fire; but high at sites with physical disturbance and high abundance of exotic flowering annual plants. Insects and spiders show strong potential in providing the essential information needed to make sound management decision about the ecological impact of cleanup activities at Hanford. |
| Assessing
risk requires much broader view Author: Karr, J.R. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1995 Citation: Daily Journal of Commerce, Seattle, WA, Thursday, August 24. Abstract: Companies, whether large corporations or small enterprises, assess risks all the time. Risk assessment is an intergral part of every business decisions, from staying competitive to minimizing hazards for employees, customers, and the public. In fact, risk assessment is a survival mechanism throughout the natural world. Birds constantly assess the dangers in their environment and react to reduce risk. A bird looking for food must "decide" which prey is worth pursuing and which is not because pursuit will attract predators. When it is hungry, a bird may take risks it would otherwise avoid; it may be more cautious if it has offsprings to protect. A bird survives if it "assesses" risks and behave appropriately; flawed risk assessment can mean death. Individual humans assess risks too, of course. Smoking, drinking, and riding a motorcycle mean different risks, as does investing retirement funds in savings accounts, stocks, or commodity futures. Farmers take risk each year deciding which crops to plant and which pesticides or fertilizers to apply. What should they spend on pesticides to reap a profitable crop without threatening their own health or that of their consumers? Societies also assess risks. In theory, society attempts to minimize "environmental" risk, conventionally defined only in terms of risks to human health; for this reason, end-of-pipe control of toxic effluents forms the core of most modern environment risk management. Yet societies need to minimize ecological risks as well. Humans behave as if they did not depend on natural systems and thus need not environment risk management. As the scale of human activities grows, degradation of ecological systems worsens. Ecological degradation threatens supplies of food and fiber and many ecological services that living systems provide to humans and other organisms (processing waste, purifying water, cleaning the air, and generating soil.) What will happen if we fail to recognize and avert to the ecological systems that furnish -free- these goods and services? |
| Attitudes
about fish safety, estuarine safety, and the Jersey
shore: Managing estuarine health Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Submitted Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Environmental Management. Abstract: |
| Attitudes
about recreation, environmental problems, and estuarine
health along the Jersey shore Author: Burger J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Environmental Management. 22: 869-876. Abstract: Management of ecosystems has advanced by an improvement in our understanding not only of how ecosystems function, but of how people perceive their functioning and what they consider to be environmental problems within those systems. Central to such management is understanding how people view estuaries. In this article I explore the perceptions and attitudes of people about coastal recreation, environmental problems, and future land use along the New Jersey shore (USA) by interviewing people who attended a duck decoy and craft show on Barnegat Bay. The people who were interviewed engaged in more days of fishing than any other recreational activity and engaged in camping the least. There were significant differences in recreational rates as a function of gender and location of residence, with men hunting and fishing more than women and photographing less than women. Jet skis were perceived as the most severe environmental problem, with chemical pollution, junk, oil runoff and overfishing as second level problems. Birds were perceived as not an environmental problem at all. Fishing, hiking, preservation, and camping ranked as the highest preferred future land uses for the two sites examined (Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, Naval Weapons Station Earle). The preferred future land uses for these two sites, which are not under consideration for land-use changes, were very similar to those of people living near the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina, despite the media attention and considerations of nuclear storage. |
| Attitudes and
perceptions about ecological resources and hazards of
people living around the Savannah River Site Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): J. Sanchez, J.W. Gibbons, T. Benson, J. Ondrof, R. Ramos, M.J. McMahon, K. Gaines, L. Lord, M. Fulmer, and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 57: 195-211. Abstract: Although considerable attention is devoted to environmental monitoring and assessment with respect to both pollutants and the status of particular plant or animal populations, less attention is devoted to assessing people's attitudes about the relative importance of ecological resources. In this paper we examine the attitudes and perceptions about ecological resources of people living around the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS), in South Carolina. Our overall hypothesis is that people who are directly affected by the possible outcomes and consequences of a particular hazard (i.e., those people employed at SRS) will undervalue the risks and overvalue the potential benetits from future land uses that favor continued site activity, compared to people who live near but are not employed at SRS. We interviewed 286 people attending the Aiken Trials horse show on 14 March 1997. There were few gender differences, although men hunted and fished more than women, women ranked three environmental concerns as more severe than did men, and women were more concerned about the effect of SRS on property values. Maintenance of SRS as a National Environmental Research Park ranked first as a future land use; nuclear production ranked second, followed by hunting and hiking. Only residential development ranked very low as a future land use. There were many differences as a function of employment history at SRS: 1) people who work at SRS think that the federal government should spend funds to clean up all nuclear facilities, and they think less money should be spent on other environmental problems than did non-employees, 2) people who work at SRS ranked continued current uses of SRS higher than did people who never worked at SRS, and 3) people who work at SRS are less concerned about the storage of nuclear material or accidents at the site than are people who never worked at the site. |
| Attitudes and
perceptions about ecological resources of local residents
around srs. Poster Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): J. Sanches, J.W. Gibbons, J. Ondrof, R. Ramos, M.J. McMahon, K.F. Gaines, C.G. Lord, M. Fulmer and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: As part of a larger study to uunderstand the attitudes and perceptions of stakeholders regarding the immportance of ecological resources of recreation and future land use at the Savannah River Site, we interveiwed people attending a horse show in Aiken, South Carolina. Our overall objective was to compare the attitudes of a general local population to those in three other groups: hunters and fishers generally, hunters and fishers that use the SRS, and the general population in the state. We test the hypothesis that there are no differences among these populations with repect to ranking of future land uses that include recreational activitied and research. In general, the relative rankings of future land uses of the Aiken population differed somewhat from the other populations with respect to the ranking of continued nuclear production and the storage of nuclear wastes. However, all populations ranked NERP, hiking, and camping a highly valued future land uses. There were also significant differences among the future land use rankings as a funtion of previous employment history at SRS. |
| Attitudes and
perceptions about ecological resources, hazards, and
future land use of people living near the Idaho National
Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): D. E. Roush Jr., J. Sanchez, J. Ondrof, R. Ramos, M. McMahon, and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 60: 145-161. Abstract: Although considerable attention is devoted to environmental monitoring and assessment with respect to both pollutants and the status of particular plant or animal populations, less attention is devoted to assessing people's attitudes about the relative importance of ecological resources. In this paper we examine the attitudes and perceptions about ecological resources of people living around the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS), in South Carolina. Our overall hypothesis is that people who are directly affected by the possible outcomes and consequences of a particular hazard (i.e. , those people employed at SRS) will undervalue the risks and overvalue the potential benefits from future land uses that favor continued site activity, compared to people who live near but are not employed at SRS. We interviewed 286 people attending the Aiken Trials horse show on 14 March 1997. There were few gender differences, although men hunted and fished more than women, women ranked three environmental concerns as more severe than did men, and women were more concerned about the effect of SRS on property values. Maintenance of SRS as a National Environmental Research Park ranked first as a future land use; nuclear production ranked second, followed by hunting and hiking. Only residential development ranked very low as a future land use. There were many differences as a function of employment history at SRS: 1) people who work at SRS think that the federal government should spend funds to clean up all nuclear facilities, and they think less money should be spent on other environmental problems than did non-employees, 2) people who work at SRS ranked continued current uses of SRS higher than did people who never worked at SRS, and 3) people who work at SRS are less concerned about the storage of nuclear material or accidents at the site than are people who never worked at the site. |
| Attitudes and
perceptions about ecological resources, hazards, and
future land use of people living near the Idaho national
engineering and environmental laboratory. Poster Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): D.E. Roush, Jr., J. Sanchez, J. Ondrof, R. Ramos, M.J. McMahon and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Attitudes and
perceptions of fishermen and elected officials about
Barnegat Bay Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): J. Sanchez, and M. McMahon. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1996 Citation: Barnegat Bay Workshop. November 14. Abstract: |
| Attitudes and
perceptions of fishermen using the Savannah River Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Questionaires and Instruments Utilized Publication Date: 1996 Citation: Abstract: |
| Attitudes and
perceptions of hunters and fishermen toward recreational
use, environmental problems, and future land use of SRS Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): J. Sanchez, W. Gibbons, and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Questionaires and Instruments Utilized Publication Date: 1996 Citation: Abstract: |
| Attitudes and
perceptions of hunters and other recreationists Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1996 Citation: Savannah River Ecology Lab, Atlanta, GA, November 7. Abstract: |
| Attitudes
toward environmental hazards: Where do toxic wastes fit Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): M. Martin, K. Cooper, and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 51: 109-121. Abstract: The public is continually faced with making decisions about the risks associated with environmental hazards, and along with managers and government officials, must make informed decisions concerning possible regulation, mitigation, and restoration of degraded sites or other environmental threats. We explored the attitudes regarding several environmental hazards of six groups of people: undergraduate science majors, undergraduate non-science majors, graduate students of environmental health, risk assessment. and nonscience disciplines, as well as non-students over 35 years of age. We had predicted that there would be significant differences in attitudes between science and non-science majors and as a function of age, with younger science students showing the greatest concern. Relative concerns could be divided into three discrete classes (in descending order of concern): 1) general ecological problems (cutting tropical forests, polluting groundwater, trash along the coasts, lead in drinking water, and acid rain), 2) radon and nuclear wastes, and finally, 3) specific nuclear waste facilities, chromium. fertilizers and pesticides, and electromagnetic waves. Attitudes were consistent, whether asked about the severity of the environmental problem or whether they felt funds should be expended to solve the problems. Attitudes about spending money to develop methods to evaluate risk fell in the middle level of concern. There were no major differences among classes of college-age students, or between them and. older non-students. |
| Avian
extinction and persistence mechanisms in lowland Panama Author: Sieving, K.E., Other Author(s): and J.R. Karr. Document Type: CRESP Published Books, Chapters, and Sections Publication Date: 1997 Citation: In W.F. Laurance and R.O. Bierregaard, Jr. (Eds.) Tropical Forest Remnants: Ecology, Mangement, and Conservation of Fragmented communities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Abstract: |
| Avian
population dynamics, toxics, and risk Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. February 8. Abstract: |
| Bioindicators
for ecosystems and human health Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1996 Citation: Center for Disease Control, Citizens Advisory Committee on Public Health Service Activities and Research at Department of Energy Sites, and Savannah River Health Effects Subcommittee. Atlanta, GA, October 25. Abstract: |
| Biological
integrity: A long-neglected aspect of environmental
program evaluation Author: Karr, J.R. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Books, Chapters, and Sections Publication Date: 1999 Citation: In Environmental Program Evaluation: A Primer, edited by G. J. Knapp and T.J. Kim, 148-175. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Abstract: |
| Biological
monitoring and assessment: Using multimetric indexes
effectively. EPA-235-R97-001 Author: Karr, J.R., Other Author(s): and E.W. Chu. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1997 Citation: University of Washington, Seattle, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. December. Abstract: |
| Biological
Monitoring: An Essential Foundation for Ecological Risk
Assessment Author: Karr, J.R. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: US EPA Laboratory. Newport, OR, August 3. Abstract: |
| Biological
monitoring: An essential foundation for ecological risk
assessment Author: Karr, J.R. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Conference on Modeling and Measuring the Vulnerability of Ecosystems at Regional Scales for Use in Ecological Risk Assessment and Risk Management. Bell Harbor International Conference Center, Seattle WA, August 18. Abstract: |
| Biological
monitoring: Essential foundation for ecological risk
assessment Author: Karr, J.R., Other Author(s): and E.W. Chu. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 3(6): 993-1004. Abstract: "Risk-based decision making" has become an often-heard buzzword in Congress and government agency circles. The idea implies that policies based on scientific risk assessment---of human health or ecological risks-will be realistic, fair, and cost effective. But for policies developed through risk-based decision making to fulfill this promise, the foundations and endpoints for risk assessment must be properly conceived and relevant for sustaining critical societal needs. Environments in which living systems cannot sustain themselves cannot support human affairs. We therefore argue that the first, most important step for ecological risk assessment is to set biological endpoints; further, each step in ecological risk assessment should be informed by data from biological monitoring. The measurement endpoints (what is measured) and the assesment endpoints (the ecological goods and services society seeks to protect) must be explicitly biological. Ecological risk assessment will miss its mark if it relies on inappropriate surrogates-such as chemical measures assumed to reflect the health of a biota---or if it is only a veneer, a simple substitution of ecological terminology in another pollution-control or human health risk assessment process. |
| Biomonitoring
and bioindicators for human and ecological health. Poster
Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Responsive Science: Forging Regulatory Resolution at DOE sites, Washington, DC, April 12. Abstract: |
| Bridging the
gap between human and ecological health Author: Karr, J.R. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Ecosystem Health 3: 197-199. Abstract: Early threats to human helth and well-being came from the environmental --vector-carried diseases, predators, famine, combat. As human populations grew and developed agriculture, permanent setttlements were established and new threats arose. Contagious diseases moved from domesticated pets and livestock to humans. Sixty-five human diseases are thought to have originated from cattle (e.g. small pox, measles, TB) ; 65 came from dogs; 42, including influenza, from pigs; and one, the common cold, from horses (Ponting 1991). Diseases spread more quickly in the crowed conoditions of villages, towns, and cities; inadequate sanitiation was also a problem. These movements continue today as demonstrated by Lyme disease, Ebola fever, and just this year, a new strain of influenza struck humans, transferred from pigs in the Far East. The industrial revolution brought relief from some of these threats wastewater treatment, for example, reduced the threat of waterborne diseases. But new technologies generate new threats ranging from toxic inudstrial chemicals to global transportation systems that speed the spread of greater variety of diseases. Still today, the health challenges we face are changing constantly. Technological advances have in many respects improved health care but that technology also is a douhle-edged sword. Widespread use and abuse antibiotics, for example, stimulates antibiotic resistance, demonstrating that the threats themselves evolves. And the array of threats changes as well. Societt needs health care strategies to deal with evolution on so many fronts. The papers in this issue came from a special plenary session of the 1996 meeting of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (Edmonton, Albert, Cananda). The session's theme--"Ecosystem Health: Bruidging the Gap"-- acknowledged that human health is not longer challenged solely by familiar contagious diseases to the spread of toxic chemicals. |
| Can science
and risk analysis overcome legacies Author: Karr, J.R. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Society for Risk Analysis 1998 Annual Meeting. Phoenix, AZ, December 6-9. Abstract: Protecting ecological health requires a comprehensive and accurate way to assess ecological condition plus a deeper understanding of ecological risk. The Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP) is committed to advancing these areas. But advances in science and risk analysis will not be enough. Success depends on our ability to overcome legacies that trap us in the past. Our disciplinary boxes, our institutions, and our political processes trap us. When these legacies control decision making, scientific advances and risk analysis become secondary. To develop the critical information needed to protect ecological health, CRESP has expanded its thinking. Through the integration of a multidiciplinary team or researchers, broader and more comprehensive approaches to problem solving can be developed. Albert Einstein recognized this problem when he said, "Serious problems cannot be dealt with at the level of thinking that created them." How can we best present our analyses to counteract the power of the past? |
| Can soil
crusts act as indicators of the biological condition of
the shrub-steppe? Using the world wide web to foster
scientific collaboration, Poster Author: Hawke, M.A., Other Author(s): C. Hendricksen, and S.O. Link. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Northwest Chapter Annual Meeting, Society for Ecological Restoration, System Restoration: Turning the Tide, Soils and Restoration Session, Tacoma, WA. October 29. Abstract: |
| Changes in
microbiotic soil crust associated with human induced
disturbance at the Hanford reservation, Washington Author: Hawke, M.A., Other Author(s): and J.R. Karr. Document Type: CRESP In Progress Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Abstract: |
| Comparative
consumption of wild game. Poster Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: This project was undertaken to understand the potential risk from consuming several different species of wild game, including fish, deer, raccoons and other animals. We interviewed people attending the Palmetto Sportsmen's Classic in Columbia, South Carolina in March 1998. Our overall objective was examine whether the people living in the general region of the Savannah river Site obtained a significant proportion of their meat and fish from se caught resources. The data have not been analyzed. |
| Comparing
future land use of different stakeholders around the
Idaho national engineering and environmental laboratory.
Poster Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): and D.E. Roush, Jr. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Comparison of
multi-metric and multi-variate methods in the assessment
of stream ecosystem integrity using fish assmblages Author: Snodgrass, J.W., Other Author(s): J.M. Aho, G.K. Meffe, J. Karr, and J. Burger. Document Type: CRESP In Progress Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Abstract: |
| Conflict
resolution in coastal waters: The case of personal
watercraft Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): and J. Leonard. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Marine Policy 24: 61-67. Abstract: The number of personal watercraft (PWC) used in coastal and inland waterways has increased recently, potentially disturbing people, fisheries activities, and wildlife and recreational resources. In 1997 we examined the behavior of nesting Common Terns as a function of exposure to PWC and other boats. PWCs traveled faster than motorboats near nesting islands, and came closer to birds. The number of terns that flew up in response to PWCs was greater than to motorboats. On one long-studied tern island, the terns suffered nearly total reproductive failure in 1996 and 1997. Because of these adverse effects, an educational and enforcement campaign was initiated in 1998. Public meetings included presentations by scientists, marine police, state conservation officials, PWC associations, marina owners, and the general public. In addition, an educational campaign was aimed at local PWC rental businesses and docks, and additional signs were posted around tern nesting islands. These measures proved effective: PWC traffic around the nesting islands was reduced, most PWCs that passed the tern nesting island did not venture outside the channel, and most PWCS reduced their speed. Although these measures did not eliminate the problem, they reduced the disturbance to the birds in 1998 and 1999, allowing increased reproductive success, representing a successful co-management program. |
| Consumption
Advisories and Compliance: The fishing public and the
deamplification of risk Author: Burger. J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 43(4): 471-488 Abstract: ABSTRACT Managers and regulators have recognized that the fishing public often ignores fish consumption advisories, and the reasons for non-compliance are explored in this paper. Risk assessors acknowledge that there is a social amplification (intensification) of risk where the public perceive a risk as much more severe than do the, experts' or scientists, and this social ampliflcation is a function of the interaction of hazards with social, psychological and cultural processes. I propose that non-compliance of consumption advisories occurs because of the deamplification of risk in hazards that are familiar and enjoyed, such as fishing and fish consumption. Although the public are generally aware of consumption advisories, they continue to believe the fish are safe to eat, and a high percentage eat the fish they catch. Unlike the amplification of risk, the deamplification of risk from fishing in the face of consumption advisories is partly legitimized by the actions of some governmental agencies, as well as by society at large. It is suggested that a variety of economic benefits and social institutions lead to a discounting of consumption advisories, and the delayed nature of adverse health effects allows for additional disregard. Further, it is suggested that co-management of the risk from contaminated fish would increase public involvement, and therefore compliance. |
| Contaminants
and population levels of birds in Barnegat Bay Author: Burger J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1996 Citation: Barnegat Bay Workshop, November. Abstract: |
| Coordinated
workshop, Training course: Biological monitoring and
assessment; Using multimetric indexes effectively Author: Karr, J.R. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Symposia, Workshops, and Stakeholder Events Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Conference on Modeling and Measuring the Vulnerability of Ecosystems at Regional Scales for Use in Ecological Risk Assessment and Risk Management. Bell Harbor International Conference Center, Seattle WA, August 17-20. Abstract: |
| CRESP UPDATE:
Hanford Author: Kern, M. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Public Education Information and Newsletters Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Spring, Seattle, WA: University of Washington. Abstract: |
| Defining and
measuring river health Author: Karr, J.R. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Freshwater Biology 41: 221-234. Abstract: Society benefits immeasurably from rivers. Yet over the past century, humans have changed rivers dramatically. Do those changes mean that people have degraded river health? The answer depends on whom you ask. To irrigators, rivers are healthy if there is enough water for their fields. For a power utility, rivers are healthy if there is enough water to turn the turbines. For a drinking-water utility, rivers are healthy if there is enough pure, or purifiable, water throughout the year. To sport or commercial fishers, rivers are healthy if there are fin-fish and shellfish to harvest. For recreationists, rivers are healthy if swimming, water skiing, or boating do not make people ill. But every one of these perceptions is only part of the picture. Each trivializes the other uses of the river - not to mention non-human aspects of the river itself - while assigning value only to its own desires. To protect all river uses and values, should we not seek broader definitions of river health? |
| Demography of
forest birds in Panama: How do transients affect
estimates of survival rates Author: Brawn, J.D., Other Author(s): J.R. Karr, J.N. Nichols, and W.D. Robinson. Document Type: CRESP Proceedings Publication Date: 1999 Citation: In proceedings of the 22nd International Ornithological Congress edited by N.J. Adams and R.H. Slotow, Durban, South Africa. Abstract: Estimates of annual survival rates of neotropical birds have proven controversial. Traditionally, tropical birds were thought to have high survival rates for their size, but analyses of a multispecies assemblage from Panama by Karr et al. (I 990) provided a counterexample to that view. One criticism of that study has been that the estimates were biased by transient birds captured only once as they passed through the area being sampled. New models that formally adjust for transient individuals have been developed since 1990. Preliminary analyses indicate that these models are indeed useful in modelling the data from Panama. Nonetheless, there is considerable interspecific variation and overall estimates of annual survival rates for understorey birds in Panama remain lower than those from other studies in the Neotropics and well below the rates long assumed for tropical birds (i.e. > 0.80). Therefore, tropical birds may not have systematically higher survival rates than temperate-zone species. Variation in survival rates among tropical species suggests that theory based on a simple trade-off between clutch size and longevity is inadequate. The demographic traits of birds in the tropics (and elsewhere) vary within and among species according to some combination of historical and ongoing ecological factors. Understanding these processes is the challenge for future work. |
| Demography of
forest birds in Panama: How do transients affect
estimates of survival rates? Author: Brawn, J.D., Other Author(s): J. R. Karr, J. N. Nichols, and W. D. Robinson. Document Type: CRESP Published Books, Chapters, and Sections Publication Date: 1999 Citation: In N. J. Adams and R. H. Slotow, editors. Proceedings of the 22nd International Ornithological Congress, Durban, South Africa. Abstract: |
| Developing a
tool for monitoring biological integrity in terrestrial
systems Author: Hawke, M.A., Other Author(s): D.N. Kimberling, and J.R Karr. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Workshop on Hanford Site Biological Resources Inventory and Monitoring. Richland, WA, May 12. Abstract: |
| Development
and validation of a model for assessing biological
integrity of isolated wetlands at the Savannanh River
site. Poster Author: Snodgrass, J., Other Author(s): A.L. Bryan, Jr. and J. Burger. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Development
of an integrated food web model coupled with
macroenvironmental and microenvironmental transport and
fate modeling Author: Cooper, K., Other Author(s): J. Burger, A. Skiadas, A. Roy, and P.G. Georgopoulos. Document Type: CRESP In Progress Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Abstract: |
| Development
of expectations of larval amphibian assemblage structure
in southeastern depression wetlands Author: Snodgrass, J.W., Other Author(s): A. L. Bryan, Jr., and J. Burger Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Ecological Applications,10(4): 1219-1229. Abstract: Abstract. We surveyed larval amphibians and fish in 25 relatively pristine depression wetlands on the upper Atlantic coastal plain of South Carolina to examine relationships among hydiroperiod length, fish presence/absence and larval amphibian assemblage structure. Our goals were to test the application of general models of lentic community structure to Southeastern depression wetlands and to develop expectations of larval amphibian assemblage structure at reference sites. Amphibian species richness showed a unimodal pattern along a hydroperiod gradient, with wetlands that contained water for 8-10 mo/yr having the highest species richness. Wetlands that contained water for longer periods (i.e., dried only during severe drought) often contained fish and had relatively low amphibian species richness. Most species occurred along a restricted portion of the hydroperiod gradient, and some species were found almost exclusively in wetlands with fish. Associations among the occurrence of species led to relatively discrete breaks in assemblage structure along the hydropeiriod gradient. Canonical correspondence analysis of catch-per-unit-effort data identified four groups of wetlands with similar assemblage structure: (1) short (drying in spring), (2) medium (drying in summer), and (3) long (drying in fall or semi-annually) hydroperiod wetlands without fish; and (4) long hydroperiod wetlands with fish. Our results suggest that general models of community structure in lentic systems are applicable to southeastern isolated wetlands and-should form the basis for developing expectations of larval amphibian assemblage structure in these systems. |
| Disturbance and terrestrial
vegetation at INEEL, Idaho Author: Hawke, M.A., Other Author(s): J.R. Karr, and L.S. Fore. Document Type: CRESP In Progress Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Abstract: |
| Disturbance gradients and the
responses of plants and insects Author: Kimberling, D.N., Other Author(s): M.A. Hawke, J.R. Karr, and L.S. Fore. Document Type: CRESP In Progress Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Abstract: |
| DOEs ecological risk assessment
matter Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: EPA Laboratory, Athens, GA, March 3. Abstract: |
| Eating fish from the Savannah River Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Public Education Information and Newsletters Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Fact sheet sponsored by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Georgia Department of Natural Resources and the U.S.E.P.A. Abstract: |
| Ecological and human health risk
assessment: A comparison Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Published Books, Chapters, and Sections Publication Date: 1996 Citation: In Interconnections Between Human and Ecosystem Health, edited by. R.T. DiGuillo and E. Monosson, Chapter 4: 89-110. London: Chapman & Hall. Abstract: |
| Ecological considerations Author: Karr, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1996 Citation: Symposium on Risk. CRESP, Seattle, WA, May 15. Abstract: |
| Ecological effects and
biomonitoring for mercury in tropical ecosystems Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, Dordrecht 97(3-4): 265-272. Abstract: Considerable attention has been devoted to monitoring heavy metals in temperate zones of the world, largely due to the concentration of industries and populations in these regions. With increases in global transport of mercury, it has become important to examine the effects of mercury on components of tropical ecosystems, and to design biomonitoring schemes to assess environmental changes involving mercury. Tropical ecosystems differ from temperate ones in fundamental ways, including increased species diversity, and decreased niche width, spatial heterogeneity, food web lengths and complexity, productivity and soil laterization. Because of these differences, the fate and transport of mercury may differ in temperate and tropical systems, and it is suggested in this paper that bird feathers be used as a biomonitoring tool to assess broad-scale trends in mercury exposure, as well as being indicative of adverse effects on the birds themselves. In many ecosystems, some species of birds occupy top trophic levels. It is apparent that the mercury level in feathers of some tropical birds are as high as those from temperature regions, exceeding levels associated with adverse effects in laboratory studies. |
| Ecological health and societal
well-being. Author: Karr, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP In Press Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Washington Public Health. Abstract: |
| Ecological Health Task Group
activities at Hanford Author: Karr, J.R. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Monthly Meeting of the Washington Department of Ecology. Kennewick, WA, December 15. Abstract: |
| Ecological Health, CRESP, and SRS Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Presentation to J. Nelson and DOE at SRS, August. Abstract: |
| Ecological integrity and ecological
health are not the same Author: Karr, J.R. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Books, Chapters, and Sections Publication Date: 1996 Citation: In Engineering Within Ecological Constraints, edited by P.C. Schulze 97-109. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, National Academy of Engineering. Abstract: |
| Ecological integrity in theory and
practice Author: Karr, J.R., Other Author(s): and E.W. Chu. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: AMSIE '97 and American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Annual Meeting, Session on Ecological Integrity: Moving from Principle to Practice. Seattle, WA, February 13-18. Abstract: |
| Ecological integrity: Moving from
principle to practice Author: Karr, J.R., Other Author(s): E.W. Chu, and L. Westra. Document Type: CRESP Symposia, Workshops, and Stakeholder Events Publication Date: 1997 Citation: AMSIE '97 and American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Annual Meeting. Seattle, WA, February 13-18. Abstract: |
| Ecological landscapes Author: Hawke, M.A. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: The Risk Roundtable; Evaluating Risk from a Tribal Perspective, CRESP and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reversation (CTUIR) et al. Pendleton, OR, January 28. Abstract: |
| Ecological responses and
compensatory mechanisms and their role in natural
remediation Author: Hawke, M.A., Other Author(s): and J.R. Karr. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: 18th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. San Francisco, CA, November 17. Abstract: |
| Ecological risk assessment at the
Department of Energy: An evolving process Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: International Journal of Toxicology 18: 149-155. Abstract: The United States Department of Energy (DOE) has facilities in 34 states, and many of these have chemical or radiological contamination that provides a potential risk to human or ecological health. Over the next few decades many of these sites will be cleaned up, and ecological risk assessment will be one tool used to make decisions about remediation and future land use. The DOE has developed an overall strategy for making remediation decisions that involves using risk assessment, with stakeholder input, although the final decisions are the Department's. The key elements of its ecological risk assessments involve valuing the severity and likelihood of occurrence of adverse ecological effects. It Is currently using a process that incorporates descriptions of the environinenw risk, and valuations of the severity and likelihood of an adverse outcome before, during, and after any remedial activity. The primary difficulty with the current DOE approach to risk has been a failure to use existing information to identify either species of concern or unique habitats at risk, and a lack of uniformity across the DOE complex. Nonetheless, the inclusion of ecological risk assessment in the decision-making process will help achieve one of the new missions of DOE: the protection and maintenance of blodiversity and healthy ecosystems at sites under Its control. |
| Ecological risk assessment:
Pharmaceutical industry Author: Cooper, K. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP In Press Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Journal of Internal Toxicology (COT journal). Abstract: |
| Ecological risk paradigms Author: Cooper, K. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1996 Citation: American College of Toxicology. Philadelphia, PA. Abstract: |
| Ecological risk strategies Author: Cooper, K., Other Author(s): and J. Burger. Document Type: CRESP Upcoming Educational Courses Publication Date: 200X Citation: American College of Toxicology Abstract: |
| Ecological risk strategies (short
course) Author: Cooper, K., Other Author(s): and J. Burger. Document Type: CRESP Educational Courses Given Publication Date: 1998 Citation: American College of Toxicology. Abstract: |
| Ecological Task Group research at
SRA Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1996 Citation: Westinghouse Savannah River Site Land Use Committee. Atlanta, GA, November 8. Abstract: |
| Ecosystem health: The concept, the
ISEH, and the important tasks ahead Author: Rapport, D.J., Other Author(s): G. Bohm, D. Buckingham, J. Cairns, Jr., R. Costanza, J.R. Karr, H.A.M. de Kruijf, R. Levins, A.J. McMichael, N.O. Nielson, and W.G. Whitford. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Ecosystem Health 5: 82-90. Abstract: The International Society for Ecosystem Health (ISEH) came into existence at a time when it was rapidly becoming apparent that the earth's ecosystems were failing, both locally and globally (Tolba et al. 1992). Despite worldwide attention drawn to the consequences of ecosystem degration, and subsequent international agreements and treaties respecting the importance of maintaining the health and integrity of the earth's ecosystems, environmental degradation has continued and even ccelerated (Vitousek et al. 1997; Ullsten 1998; Salim el at. 1999). ISEH was conceived to engage scholars from a variety of fields to bridge or even transcend the natural, social, and health sciences. A primary goal was to provide the conceptual and methodological foundations for assessing the condition of the earth's ecosystems. The idea for forming an international society around the concept of "ecosystem health" arose out of an interdisciplinary workshop on diagnostic indicators of ecosystem condition (Ecosystem Medicine: Developing a Diagnostic Capability. Allerton Park, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana 1991). Participants and founding members of ISEH were Val Beasley (University of Illinois), Robert Costanza (University of Maryland), David Cox (University of Illinois), Tony Hayes (University of Guelph), David Rapport (Statistics Canada), David Schaeffer (Eco Health Research, Inc.), Christian Thorpe (Kaiser Permanente Medical Center), and David Waltner-Toews (University of Guelph). Founders were an eclectic group of transcdisciplinary thinkers from the fields of medicine, veterinary medicine, ecology, and economics who had come together to explore potential trandsfers from the fields of human and veterinary medicine into ecology. They agreed that there was a need to carry on these discussions in a wider forum, and that the International Society for Ecosystem Health should be formed for this purpose. At that time, several workshop/symposia had already been held on the topic, and others were being planned. These included an Aspen Innstitute-sponsored workshop on ecosystem health at Wye, Maryland (October 1990), a symposium on "Defining Ecosystem Health: Science, Economics, or Ethics?" sponsored by The American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C. (February 1991), a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) workshop at the N.E. Science Center Narragan- sett Laboratory, Narragansett, RI (1992) on "The Health of Large Marine Ecosystems," a NATO- sponsored Advanced Research Workshop on "Evaluating and Monitoring the Health of Large-Scale Ecosystems," Chateau Montebello, Quebec (October 1993), and a Hastings Center workshop on the philosophical and ethical dimensions of ecosystem health (1993). The inaugural event for ISEH, however, was the 1st International Symposium on Ecosystem Health and Medicine (Ottawa,June 19-23, 1994), co-organized by ISEH and the University of Guelph. With more than 800 participants from 33 countries, this event brought the concept of eco- system health to the attention of the international scientific community (Shrader-Frechette 1994). The opening keynote address was delivered by the late Henry Kendall on the topic of environmental and population challenges: global prospects. Other keynote addresses explored the interfaces between disciplines from ecology and public health, to environmental management, ethics, and ecological economics. These included, among others, presentations by Robert Costanza (Mageau et al. 1995), David Ehrenfeld (Ehrenfeld 1995), Richard Levins (Levins 1995), Tony McMichael (McMichael & Martens 1995), Eugene Odum (Odum 1995), David Rapport (Rapport 1995), Margaret Somerville (Somerville 1995), and M. Gordon Wolman (Wolman 1995). Collectively, participants represented a wide range of disciplines including anthropology, economics, ecology, environmental management, epidemiology, ethics, law, philosophy, public health, sociology, and veterinary medicine. Although the participants came from varied backgrounds, a shared belief emerged that collaborative efforts that crossed disciplinary boundaries were essential to arrive at a deeper understanding of regional environmental challenges and solutions. Understanding the forces of transformation of the earth's ecosystems calls for a holistic approach in which humans are "part of" and not "apart from" the ecosystem (Cairns 1994; Bormann 1996). |
| Effect of fixed-count subsampling
on macroinvertebrate biomonitoring in small streams Author: Doberstein, C.P., Other Author(s): J.R. Karr, and L.L. Conquest. Document Type: CRESP Submitted Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Freshwater Biology. Abstract: |
| Effects of a small reservoir on
stream fish assemblages: Relative role of local habitat
alternations and acute and chronic stress Author: Snodgrass, J.W., Other Author(s): J. Aho, J.W. Ackerman, and J. Burger. Document Type: CRESP In Press Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Can. Journal Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Abstract: |
| Effects of incubation temperature
on hatchling pine snakes: Implications for survival Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Behav Ecol Sociobiol 43: 11-18. Abstract: Incubation temperature in ectothermic vertebrates affects incubation periods, and in some reptiles it affects sex ratios and behavior. I present evidence that incubation temperature affects emergence and post-hatching behavior of pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus) that could influence survival in the weeks before hibernation. Hatchlings incubated at low temperatures remained in the nest longer, had fewer alternate nest openings, and fewer underground tunnels to hide in than did hatchlings from warmer temperatures. These conditions could render hatchlings from low temperature nests more vulnerable to predation because, if a nest is opened, they are not inside tunnels where they would be protected. Hatchlings from nests incubated at low temperatures took longer to find shade during a thermoregulation test, and were less likely to move about in search of other cover than were those from higher incubation temperature artificial nests. Similarly, hatchlings from nests with low incubation temperatures were less responsive to a predatory stimulus and had a longer latency to strike than other hatchlings. Taken together, hatchlings from nests with low incubation temperatures might be less able to avoid predators and find shade than those from nests incubated at higher temperatures, and thus could be expected to have lower survival in nature. |
| Effects of lead and exercise on
endurance and learning in herring gulls. Poster Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: In this paper, young herring gulls, Larus argentatus, were used to examine the effects of lead and exercise on endurance and learning on a treadmill. Eighty 1-day old herring gull chicks were randomly assigned to either a control group or to a lead treatment group that received a single dose of lead acetate solution (100mg/kg) at a day 2. Controls were injected with n equal volume of isotonic saline at the same age. Half of the lead group and half of the control group were randomly assigned to an exercise regime. We test the null hypothesis that niether include latency to orient forward, moving number of calls per 15 sec, and time to tire out. For all measures of behavior and endurance on a treadmill, lead had the greatest effect in accounting for variablilty, followed by exercise; performance was more improved by daily exercise for the lead birds than the control birds. Exercise improved the endurance of the partially mitiagting the effects of lead, thereby increasing survival of lead-iimpaired chicks. |
| Effects of lead on behavior, growth
and survival of hatchling Slider Turtles (Trachemys
scripta) Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): C. Carruth-Hinchey, J. Ondroff, M. McMahon, W. Gibbons and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 55: 495-502. Abstract: In this study the effects of lead on behavioral development of hatchling slider turtles (Trachemys scripta) from the Savannah River Site, near Aiken, SC, were examined. It was of interest to determine whether dose or size affects survival, growth, or behavior. Hatchlings from 1995 showed no significant differences in growth, survival, or behavior between control and lead-injected animals at a dose of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/g (n = 10 per group). In 1996, 48 hatchlings were divided into four groups injected with 0 (control), 0.25, 1, or 2.5 mg/g lead. Few significant differences occurred in growth of size as a function of lead treatment at 4 mo of age, but survival declined markedly as a function of lead dose. Righting response was significantly impaired by lead, time to right was directly related to lead dose. Size also affected behavior, larger hatchlings turned over more quickly and reached cover sooner than did smaller hatchlings. |
| Effects of lead on behavior, growth
and survival of hatchling slider turtles (trachemys
scripta). Poster Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): C. Carruth-Hinchey, J. Ondrof, M.J. McMahon, J.W. Gibbons and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Effects of lead on birds (LARIDAE):
A review of laboratory and field studies Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): and M. Gochfeld Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 3:59 -78, 2000 Abstract: |
| Effects of lead on larids: A review
of laboratory and field studies Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Journal Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 3: 59-78. Abstract: |
| Effects of lead on sibling
recognition in young Herring Gulls Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Toxicological Sciences. 43: 155-160. Abstract: Lead exposure early in life affects physiology, behavior, and cognitive development in humans and other animals. In gulls, lead also disrupts parental recognition, leading to potential decreases in survival in wild populations. In this paper, young herring gulls, Larus argentatus, were used to examine the effect of lead on sibling recognition. Each of 80 one-day-old herring gull chicks was randomly assigned to either a control group or a lead treatment group that received a single dose of lead acetate solution (100 mg/kg) at day 2. Matched controls were injected with isotonic saline at the same age. At 10 days of age, there was no demonstrable sibling recognition in control chicks, but recognition was clearly developed by 15 days of age. Lead disrupted sibling recognition, and there still was no evidence of sibling recognition in lead-injected chicks by 26 days of age. Time to respond initially increased and then decreased with age in both control and lead-injected chicks. Control chicks that correctly reached their siblings did so in significantly less time than did lead-injected chicks, and they remained closer to their siblings at the end of the test. These experiments clearly demonstrate that lead disrupts sibling recognition in herring gull chicks, delays the time to respond and to reach their siblings, and increases the final distance chicks are from their calling siblings. In nature, lead-impaired chicks would be unable to use siblings as a cue enabling them to find their nests and might suffer higher mortality from territorial adults and chicks, as well as from cannibalistic adults. |
| Effects of l-lake on stream fish
assemblages: Role of local habitat alterations. Poster Author: Snodgrass, J., Other Author(s): J. Aho, J. Ackerman, and J. Burger Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Effects of oiling on feeding
behavior of sanderlings and semipalmated plovers in New
Jersey Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: The Condor 99: 290-298. Abstract: I examined the foraging behavior of Sanderlings (Calidris alba) and Semi-palmated Plovers (Charadrius semipalmatus) during their spring stopover period along the Atlantic coast of southern New Jersey following an oil spill. I used focal animal sampling to test the null hypothesis that there are no differences in foraging behavior as a function of the degree of oiling of birds. Nearly 50% of the foraging time of shorebirds was interrupted during the main period of beach oiling, primarily by clean-up personnel and vehicles that moved up and down the oiled beach, compared to less than 5% of the foraging time disruption at a control beach where birds were interrupted only by walkers and joggers. For both species, the time devoted to feeding decreased significantly, whereas the time devoted to standing about and preening increased significantly as percent of oiled plumage increased. For shorebirds that are already time-stressed in their refueling efforts before their long journey to arctic breeding grounds, these interruptions may prove fatal or might lower reproductive success once they reach the breeding grounds. |
| Effects of trophic status and
wetland morphology, hydroperiod, and water chemistry on
mercury concentrations in fish Author: Snodgrass, J.W., Other Author(s): C.H. Jagoe, A. L. Bryan Jr., H. A. Brant, and J. Burger Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci. 57: 171-180. Abstract: Abstract: We sampled fish and selected water chemistry variables (dissolved organic carbon, sulfate, and pH) in nine southeastern depression wetlands to determine relationships among wetland morphology (surface area and maximum depth). hydrology, water chemistry, and bioaccumulation of mercury (Hg) in fishes. We concentrated on three fish species representing the range of trophic levels occupied by fish in southeastern depression wetlands. Whole-body Hg concentrations were lowest in lake chubsucker (Erimyzon sucetta), a benthic detritivore, and highest in redfin pickerel (Esox americanus americanus), a top carnivore. However, variation in Hg concentrations among wetlands was greater than variation among species. Regression analyses indicated that maximum depth and hydroperiod accounted for significant portions of variation among wetlands in standardized lake chubsucker and redfin pickerel Hg concentrations. Maximum depth and dissolved organic carbon had a negative effect on standardized Hg concentrations in mud sunfish (Acantharchus pomotis). Path analysis confirmed the results of regression analyses, with maximum depth and hydroperiod having, relatively large direct negative effects on Hg concentrations. Our results suggest that leaching of Hg from sediments during the drying and reflooding cycle and binding of Hg species by dissolved organic carbon in the water column are primary factors controlling the bioavailability of Hg in southeastern depression wetlands. |
| Effects of tropic status and
wetland morphology, hydrology, and water chemistry on
mercury concentrations in fish Author: Snodgrass, J.W., Other Author(s): C. Jagoe, A.L. Bryan Jr., H. Brandt and J. Burger. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Can. J. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57: 171-180. Abstract: |
| Endpoints for ecological risk
assessment Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Risk and Environmental Management SRS Conference. September 10-11. Abstract: |
| Environmental attitudes and
perceptions of future land use at the Savannah River
Site: Are there racial differences Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 53: 255-262. Abstract: People make subjective judgments about the severity of environmental problems and on future land use relying on certain information, and on their experiences with the problem. This article examines perceptions of the severity of environmental problems, willingness to expend future funds to solve these problems, and future land use for the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina as a function of race. The null hypothesis that there are no racial differences in perceptions was tested. Of those interviewed, 23% of the 399 people were black, 75% were white, and 2% identified themselves as other. Blacks were significantly more willing than whites to spend federal funds to solve environmental problems such as cleaning up the SRS and Superfund sites, fixing ozone depletion, and reducing the threats from radon and high-tension power lines. There were statistically significant racial differences in preferences for future land use at the SRS, with blacks having a higher preference for using it as a preserve, and whites having a higher preference for a research park, camping, hiking, and hunting. These results indicate that the environmental concerns of the blacks interviewed were equal to or stronger than those of the whites. This is in contrast to much of previously published work that shows that blacks exhibit lower concerns and actions than whites for environmental problems. |
| Environmental attitudes and
perceptions of future land use at the Savannah River
Site: Are there racial differences. Poster Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Environmental impact: Concept and
measurement Author: Chu, E.W., Other Author(s): and J.R. Karr. Document Type: CRESP In Press Books, Chapters, and Sections Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Academic Press. Abstract: All living things influence their environment. For the first time in the Earth's history, however, the environmental impact of one species, Homo sapiens, is the principal agent of global change. Humans' most harmful impact is worldwide degradation of living systems--an impact that threatens humans' own life-support network. The twenty-first century's greatest challenge for scientists, decision makers, and citizens worldwide will be to understand and control human environmental impact and protect the health and integrity of the biosphere. |
| Environmental impacts: Concept and
measurement Author: Chu, E.W., Other Author(s): and J.R. Karr. Document Type: CRESP In Press Books, Chapters, and Sections Publication Date: 2000 Citation: In Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Abstract: |
| Environmental monitoring on
department of energy lands: The need for a holistic plan Author: Burger, J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Strategic Environmental Management 1(4): 351-367. Abstract: The Department of Energy (DOE) is faced with a monumental environmental remediation and restoration task that may take decades and cost over 300 billion dollars. In this article I suggest that there is a need for a holistic environmental monitoring plan that can be used both to aid in remediation decisions as well as to evaluate remediation and restoration. The current operable unit approach of the DOE manages and remediates small hazardous waste sites without taking into account the vastness of the large DOE sites. This piecemeal approach never allows for an evaluation of the broader environmental problems or of the value of existing ecosystems established on the buffer lands around the restricted industrial sites. I suggest that an overall biological monitoring plan should be established that includes all levels of ecological organization, from single species indicators to ecosystem measures, and that includes bioindicators that can be used for both human and nonhuman receptors. A sound biomonitoring plan should provide information on all levels of ecological organization, including individual species, populations and communities, ecosystems, and landscapes. For biomonitoring to be effective, it must be relevant biologically, methodologically, and societally. Key elements in the plan must include indicators of all ecological levels that meet the criteria of these three relevancies. Although I provide some examples of key metrics, and particular species or species groups that are suitable for the Savannah River Site, I suggest that any plan will require modification. However, such a plan must address the three types of relevancies, and five levels of ecological organization. |
| Estimation of childhood soil
ingestion rates using a probabilistic toxicokinetic model
and lead biomonitoring data. Presentation and Poster Author: Bartell, S.M., Other Author(s): J.S. Shirai, C.H. Pierce, and J.C. Kissel. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: US EPA Workshop on Lead Model Development: Probabilistic Risk Assessment and Biokinetic Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC, June. Abstract: |
| Ethnicity and risk: fishing and
consumption in people fishing along the Savannah River Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): W. Stephens, S. Boring, M. Kuklinsky, J. Whitfield Gibbons, and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Risk Analysis 19: 427-438. Abstract: We examine consumption petterns of 258 people fishing along the Savannah River. South Carolina has issued fish consumption advisories Savannah River baed on mercury and radionuclide levels. We test the null hypothesis that there are no differences in fishing rates and fish consumption as a function of age, education, ethnicity, employment history, and income. We also test the assumption of fish is less than the recreational value of 19kg/year. Ethnicity and education contributed significantly to explaining variations in number of fish meals per month, seving size, and total quantity of fish consumed per year. Blacks traveled less far, fished more often, ate more fish meals and slightly larger serving sizes, and consumed more fish per year than did Whites. Although education and income were correlated, it was education which contributed significantly to behavior; people who did not graduate from high school ate fish more often, ate more fish per year, and ate more whole fish. Computing the annual consumption of fish for each person individually, rather than using the mean rates of fishing times serving size indicates that 1) people who eat fish more often eat larger protions, 2) a substantial number of people consume more than the amout of fish used to compute risk to recreational fishermen (19 kg/year), 3) some people consume more than the subsistence level (50 kg/year), and 4) Blacks consume more fish per year than Whites, putting them at a greater risk from potential contaminants in fish. |
| Ethnicity and risk: Fishing and
consumption in people fishing along the Savannah River.
Poster Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): W. Stephens, C.S. Boring, M. Kuklinski, J.W. Gibbons and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Evaluation of fit for one-, two-,
and three-compartment models to uptake and elimination
data for two persistent chlorinated xenobiotics:
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxion (tcdd) and
3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl(pcb 126). Poster Author: Kim, Y.C., Other Author(s): K. Cooper, A. Skiadas, J. Burger, A. Roy, and P.G. Georgopoulos. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Evidence for social facilitation of
preening in the Common Tern Author: Palestis, B.G., Other Author(s): and J. Burger. Document Type: CRESP In Press Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Animal Behavior. Abstract: |
| Experimental oiling of Sanderlings
(Calidris alba): Behavior and weight changes Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): and N. Tsipoura. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 17: 1154-1158. Abstract: We applied fresh and weathered oil from the Anitra oil spill to the belly feathers of experimental sanderlings (Calidris alba) to simulate 20% plumage oiling, whereas controls were stroked with clean swabs only. We tested the null hypotheses that 1) there were no differences in behavior following oiling, and 2) there were no differences in weight gain or loss in control and experimental birds. Control sanderlings showed no differences in behavior before and after oiling, but oiled birds spent significantly less time resting and more time bathing and preening than did control birds. There were significant differences in weight between the control and oiled birds. Following oiling, the sanderlings preened vigorously, spreading the oil so that they appeared to have oiling rates of 30%. Thereafter, the percentage of their plumage that was oiled decreased steadily over the next two weeks, but the birds never appeared completely free of oil. |
| Factors in exposure assessment:
Ethnic and socioeconomic differences in fishing and
consumption of fish caught along the Savannah River Author: Burger, J., Other Author(s): W.L. Stephens, Jr., C.S. Boring, M. Kuklinski, J.W. Gibbons, and M. Gochfeld. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Risk Analysis 19(3): 427-438. Abstract: South Carolina has issued fish consumption advisories for t |