SLUDGE Task Group
Scholarly Products 1995 - 2000
| A
hierarchical linear model of factors associated woth
public participation among residents living near the U.S.
Army's chemical weapons stockpile sites Author: Williams, B.L., Other Author(s): h.k. Suen, S. Brown, R. Bruhn, R. de Blaquiere and S.E. Rzasa. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1999 Citation: . Abstract: Executive Summary: The purpose of this study was to describe public involvement among residents living near the U.S. Army's eight Chemical Weapons Stockpile sites. University of Arizona researchers conducted a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study across ten states. Primary data were obtained through a random digit dialing population survey. Site specific survey teams systematically identified and prioritized objectives for the population survey. The study sample consisted of 8,3 15 residents living within emergency response zones surrounding the U.S. Army's Chemical Weapons Stockpile sites. The refusal rate after consent was 21% across all sites. Researchers analyzed opes of civic participation, the intent to participate, and the perceived level ofcomfort with site-related decisions and decision-makers. Three research questions were investigated: (1) To what extent do respondents participate in specific civic activities, and to what extent do respondents intend to participate in site- related decisions? (2) To what extent do psychological, social, economic, and progranunatic factors influence a respondent's civic participation or personal intent to participates (2) To what extent is a respondent's civic participation or personal intent to participate individually or contextually determined? Residents in this sample exhibited moderately high levels of civic participation. Residents reported participating in more civic activities than did respondents in other enviroranental policy studies. The intent to participate in site-related decisions was also seemingly high among these residents. Overall, residents across the sites did not differ greatly with respect to either civic participation or the intent to participate. Civic participation was primarily associated with educational attainment and family size. The intent to participate was primarily associated with the following individual variables: perceived technological attributes, perceived risk, perceived impact perceptions toward public outreach, educational attaimuent, and gender. In terms of community variables, the intent to participate was also associated with a number of activist groups. |
| A modeling
framework for analyzing the economic impacts of the
Department of Energy’s Environmental Management
Program. Report 11 Author: Frisch, M., Other Author(s): L. Solitare, M. Greenberg, and K. Lowrie. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1997 Citation: July. Abstract: Recently, DOE facilities have undergone many changes related to the new environmental management mission. Stakeholders are concerned how these changes will affect their communities, especially in terms of the local economy. The REMI Model provides one way to estimate these economic effects. Seven primary regions were created for use with the model: Savannah River, Hanford, Oak Ridge, Rocky Flats, INEEL, Los Alamos, and Sandia. The eighth region includes eleven other major DOE facilities. The ninth region includes the rest of the country. Regions are defined by counties partially within a ten-mile radius of a DOE site. The REMI Model is a multi-regional economic simulation model. The model works by generating base forecasts for each defined region. These forecasts are developed using historical trends of variables such as employment, population and wage rates. A simulation is performed by changing an economic variable in a particular region based on a new policy or business trend. The model calculates how the regional forecast would change over time due to the new policy or trend. The model also tracks how changes in one region affect other regions. In a sample simulation, we show that a positive change ir. one DOE region leads to positive impacts in the other DOE regions. We use this modeling framework to study the impacts of changes in DOE spending on the communities surrounding these facilities. |
| An analysis
of plans for SRS and the SRS region, Report 6 Author: Lowrie, K., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1996 Citation: September. Abstract: |
| Assessing
environmental risk perception: The risk communication
profile instrument Author: Williams, B. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Annual meeting of the American Public Health Association (APHA). Indianapolis, IN. Abstract: |
| Beliefs,
values and technical assessment in environmental
management: Contaminated sediments in Puget Sound Author: Leschine, T.M., Other Author(s): K.A. Lind, and R. Sharma. Document Type: CRESP In Press Books, Chapters, and Sections Publication Date: 200X Citation: In An Advocacy Coalition Lens on Environmental Policy, chapter 3, edited by Paul Sabatier. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Abstract: |
| Bombs and
butterflies: A case study of the challenge of post cold
war environmental planning and management for the US
nuclear weapons Sites Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): K. Lowrie, D. Kreuckeberg, H. Mayer, and D. Simon. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 40(6): 739-750. Abstract: When the cold war ended, the United States stopped developing, testing and building nuclear weapons at nearly all of its former nuclear weapon sites. The Department of Energy (DOE) began a massive environmental remediation programme, which includes engaging surrounding communities in a future land use planning process. Using the Savannah River site as an example, we show that this process faces large obstacles, especially a legacy of mistrust of the DoE and organizational limitations at the federal and local government scales. These hinder open dialogue about future land use. The authors suggest three planning principles for future land use planning and organizational issues that must be addressed before these can be fruitfullyy explored. |
| Case study
report on public participation in the reuse of the
Pinellas site, Report 27 Author: Simon, D. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Spring. Abstract: |
| Citizen
involvement in the cleanup of Hanford: Explaining the
success of advisory board activities. Poster Author: Guglielmo, A. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Cleaning it
up and closing it down: Land use issues at Rocky Flats Author: Lowrie, K., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Federal Facilities Environmental Journal 10(1) Spring 69-79. Abstract: Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Sitel a former nuclear weapons production plant near Denver, Colorado, is scheduled for complete closure within the next decade. A number of important land use issues remain unresolved. High levels of uncertainty about future uses and dependence on decisions from DOE Headquarters regarding the fate of Plutonium make it difficult to produce a land use plan to guide cleanup and reuse decisions, and threaten the site's ability to achieve the accelerated cleanup milestone set for 2006. We recommend a scenario-based participative land use planning process where competing interests, costs, risks and benefits of alternate future uses are made apparent to all on-site and off-site stakeholders. |
| Cleaning it
up and closing it down: Land use issues at Rocky Flats,
Report 24 Author: Lowrie, K., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1998 Citation: October. Abstract: Rocky Flats EnvironrnenW Technology Site, a former nuclear weapons production plant near Denver, Colorado, is scheduled for complete closure within the next decade. A number of important land use issues remain unresolved. High levels of uncertainty about future uses and dependence on decisions from DOE Headquarters regarding the fate of Plutolnium make it difficult to produce a land use plan to guide cleanup and reuse decisions, and threaten the site's ability to achieve the accelerated cleanup rnilestone set for 2006. We recommend a scenario-based participative land use planning process where competing interests, costs, risks and benefits of alternate future uses are made apparent to all on-site and off-site stakeholders. |
| Coming back
from economic despair: Case studies of small and
medium-sized American places Author: Mayer, H., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Submitted Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Economic Development Quarterly Abstract: |
| Content
Analysis Coding Sheet Author: Lowrie, K., Other Author(s): and L. Waishwell. Document Type: CRESP Questionaires and Instruments Utilized Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Fall Abstract: |
| CRESP
Comments on Hanford Draft HRA-EIS Author: SLUDGE Task Group. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Upcoming Public Education Information Publication Date: 200X Citation: Abstract: |
| Demographic
and economic characteristics of small DOE sites, Report
17 Author: Simon, D., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1998 Citation: December. Abstract: An analysis was conducted of 49 demographic and economic characteristics of populations resident in census tracts surrounding 75 DOE sites. The sites were part of the DOE's FUSRAP program (now administered by the Corps of Engineers), the UMTRA program, and a set of DOE sites that are part of DOE's major site program but are smaller in size than Hanford, SRS, and the other large DOE sites. The analysis found distinct differences between sites and their surrounding counties, and between sites by administrative program. FUSRAP sites are the most urban, and UMTRA the least. Most important, we found differences in racial/ethnic composition and socioeconomic status that suggest the potential for environmental justice issues. |
| Demographic
characteristics and the residential locations of
employees of the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River
Site. Report 3 Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): and H. Mayer. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1996 Citation: March. Abstract: |
| Demographic
characteristics of counties adjacent to the Savannah
River, Hanford, and other major U.S. Department of Energy
sites, Report 1 Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): and D. Simon. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1996 Citation: March. Abstract: |
| Determinants
of perceptions of trust, control and neighborhood quality
among residents surrounding the Savannah River Site Author: Williams, B., Other Author(s): M. Greenberg, and S. Brown. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Environment and Behavior 31(3): 354-371. Abstract: The public is becoming increasingly distrustful of hazardous waste management activities. However, public trust is a requisite condition for effective environmental management of hazardous waste sites. Without trust, it is unlikely that such institutions can effectively convince the public that a site is safe and can be reused. The authors of this article conducted a study of the social, economic, psychological, demographic, and political factors that may affect environmental risk assessment and communication at the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Nuclear Weapons Site (SRS). Public trust was a central focus of this study. A population survey was conducted to evaluate the level of public mistrust and correlates of public mistrust among residents living near the SRS. In this sample, several groups of respondents demonstrated high levels of trust. Respondents living upriver from SRS and respondents whose county was economically dependent on SRS voiced high levels of trust. Respondents who were predisposed toward accepting additional hazardous waste or accepting public health risks for economic gain also showed high levels of trust. Findings suggest that public trust is influenced by a variety of factors including personal traits, experiences, and economic needs. |
| Determinants
of trust perceptions among residents surrounding the
Savannah River nuclear weapons site Author: Willliams, B.L., Other Author(s): S. Brown, and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Environment and Behavior 31(3): 354-371. Abstract: The public is becoming increasingly distrustful of hazardous waste management activities. However, public trust is a requisite condition for effective environmental management of hazardous waste sites. Without trust, it is unlikely that such institutions can effectively convince the public that a site is safe and can be reused. Tte authors of this article conducted a study of the social, economic, psycho- logical, demographic, and political factors that may affect environmental risk assess ment and communication at the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah RiverNuclear Weapons Site (SRS). Public trust was a central focus of this study. A population survey was conducted to evaluate the level of public mistrust and correlates of public mistrust among residents living near the SRS. In this sample, several groups of respondents demonstrated high levels of trust. Respondents living upriver from SRS and respondents whose county was economically dependent an SRS voiced high levels of trust. Respondents who were predisposed toward accepting additional hazardous waste or accepting public health risks for economic gain also showed high levels of trust. Findings suggest that public trust is influenced by a variety of factors includ- ing personal traits, experiences, and economic needs. |
| Downsizing US
Department of Energy facilities: Evaluating alternatives
for the region surrounding the Savannah River Nuclear
Weapons Site region Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): M. Frisch, L. Solitare, and K. Lowrie. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Evaluation and Program Planning 23: 255-265 Abstract: The economic impacts of reduced spending by the US Department of Energy (DOE) are estimated for the period 2000-2035 for the region surrounding the Savannah River Nuclear Weapons Site in South Carolina and for the states of South Carolina and Georgia. The detrimental economic impact, which reaches more than 20% of jobs, and personal income in the multi-county area immediately surrounding the site, can be reduced by on- and off-site investments. The impacts of building an accelerator to produce tritium and to destroy extremely dangerous nuclear wastes, and of investing in the region's educational system and infrastructure are explored as illustrations. The findings imply a need for considerable thought about what kinds of investments should be made in the region by an interdepartmental group rather than relying solely on the DOE. |
| Ecological
Risk Perception: An exploratory factor analysis Author: Williams, B. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Submitted Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Risk Analysis Abstract: |
| Economic
characteristics of counties adjacent to the Savannah
River, Hanford and other major U.S. Department of Energy
Sites, Report 2 Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): and D. Simon. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1995 Citation: November. Abstract: |
| Economic
development implications of a new tritium accelerator for
the Savannah River Site region, and the states of South
Carolina and Georgia. Report 20 Author: Frisch, M., Other Author(s): M. Greenberg, L. Solitare and K. Lowrie. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1998 Citation: June. Abstract: Regions surrounding the nuclear weapons complex depend upon Department of Energy spending to sustain the local economy. This dependence creates pressure for new "defense' functions even in the era of environmental management. The US may need a new source of tritium by 2007 in order to maintain nuclear capabilities. Accelerator production of tritium at the Savannah River Site will meet this need. We studied the economic impact of accelerator construction and operation on the local SRS region. We find that while the accelerator will produce jobs, much of the economic impact occurs outside of Georgia and South Carolina. Industrial linkages exist across the nuclear weapons complex rather than concentrating within one or two local regions. |
| Economic
development implications of the proposed tritium
accelerator at the Savannah River Site. Poster Author: Frisch, M. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Economic
fallout Author: Lowrie, K., Other Author(s): M. Greenberg, and M. Frisch. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy 14(2): 119-125. Abstract: The end of the Cold War has dramatically decreased the need for continued nuclear weapons production in the United States. The communities around the largest of the weapons production and research sites owned by the Department of Energy are now facing the socioeconomic impacts caused by downsizing, mission changes, and in some cases, eventual closure of the sites. The resultant job losses reduce local incomes, property values, retail sales, and housing demand and cause other economic stresses that damages the fiscal health of some of these communities. DOE owns some 140 sites in 38 U.S. states and territories, encompassing 2.3 million acres and containing tens of thousands of buildings and structures. This weapons complex employs more than 100,000 workers in various activities, ranging from continuing research and production at some sites to cleanup of contaminated water, soil, and buildings at other sites. Nearly all of the major weapons facilities were built in the 1940s and 1950s in locations that were relatively remote and rural, for reasons of national security. During Cold War production, communities that were supported almost totally by the nuclear weapons industry developed near the entrances to these facilities. When a large industrial facility lays off workers, local communities often suffer economic decline.1 In general, the smaller the local community and the further removed the facility is from metropolitan areas, the larger are the anticipated effects.2 Towns and counties near U.S. nuclear weapons production sites are like company towns in their heavy reliance on DOE jobs to maintain their economies. These communities have additional problems to confront, however. In the past they were forced to react to decisions made in secret because of security considerations.3 Moreover, because some of the communities are rural, they often lack the professional expertise and budgets required to provide services, impose controls, or interact fruitfully with a large federal bureaucracy. Closing a massive nuclear facility is also more expensive and takes more time than closing an ordinary private plant. Remedial actions will be required for several decades and prospects for private reuse are problematic at best. |
| Economic
Impact of Accelerated Cleanup on Regions Surrounding the
U.S. DOE’s Major Nuclear Weapons Sites Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): L. Solitare, M. Frisch and K. Lowrie. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Risk Analysis 19(4): 635-647. Abstract: The regional economic impacts of the U.S. Department of Energy's accelerated environmental cleanup plan are estimated for the major nuclear weapons sites in Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Washington. The analysis shows that the impact falls heavily on the three relatively rural reasons around the Savannah River (SC), Hanford (WA), and Idaho National Engineering- and Environmental Laboratory (ID) sites. A less aggressive phase-down of environmental management funds and separate funds to invest in education and infrastructure in the regions slightly buffer the impacts on jobs. personal income, and gross regional product. Policy options open to the federal, state, and local goverments are discussed. |
| Economic
impact of accelerated cleanup on regions surrounding the
U.S. DOE’s major nuclear weapons sites, Report 14 Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): L. Solitare, M. Frisch, and K. Lowrie. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1998 Citation: January. Abstract: The regional economic impacts of the U.S. Department of Energy's accelerated environmental cleanup plan are estimated for the major nuclear weapons sites in Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Washington. The analysis shows that the impact falls heavily on the three relatively rural reasons around the Savannah River (SC), Hanford (WA), and Idaho National Engineering- and Environmental Laboratory (ID) sites. A less aggressive phase-down of environmental management funds and separate funds to invest in education and infrastructure in the regions slightly buffer the impacts on jobs. personal income, and gross regional product. Policy options open to the federal, state, and local goverments are discussed. |
| Economic
impacts of DOE sites in surrounding regions: Different
interpretations of stewardship Author: Greenberg, M. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Annual CRESP Meeting, June. Abstract: |
| Enhanced
Recreational Opportunities at U.S. DOE Sites: Economic
Evaluation of an Alternative Land Use Scenario at
Savannah River Site Author: Solitare, L., Other Author(s): K. Lowrie, M. Frisch, M. Greenberg, J.C. Noah, and J. Burger. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Federal Facilities Environmental Journal Winter:51-71. Abstract: The sites in our nation's nuclear weapons complex contain over 4,000 square miles of largely undeveloped, scenic, wildlife-rich, and ecologically unique lands. In light of recent directives and programs within the Department Of Energy (DOE) aimed toward multiple uses of sites and leasing or sale of excess lands, it is time to assess low-impact, low-risk, and cost-effective ways to utilize more of the environmental, ecological, and aesthetic values of these sites. This article examines wildlife-related outdoor recreation as an economic development option on and around DOE sites. We use an economic impact simulation model for the two-state region around the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina to illustrate the economic benefits. The objective was to demonstrate the outcome of plausible alternatives. The article demonstrates that even a moderate investment in expanded recreation could add up to several hundred new jobs almost immediately and even morejobs 15 years into the future. To the extent that sportsmen and tourists travel from areas outside the two states, the benefites to the entire two-state region are increased. We also found that as an form of economic investment, recreation holds up well against other alternatives. |
| Estimating
the off-site economic impacts of DOE risk management
decisions Author: Frisch, M., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting. Washington, DC, December 7-10. Abstract: |
| Fiscal
Officers’ Survey Author: Lowrie, K. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Questionaires and Instruments Utilized Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Summer. Abstract: |
| Fostering
cooperation at DOE’s nuclear weapons sites: A role
for a university based group, Report 15 Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): and K. Lowrie. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1997 Citation: July. Abstract: The purpose of this essay is to suggest that CRESP adopt a goal to foster cooperation among stakeholders in order to make our academic research more valuable in the field, especially to make our work part of a consensus-building process in the regions. The essay makes the case for cooperation, then discusses the DOE-site regions, and finally discusses how the stages of CRESP's research conform to this service objective. |
| Frequency of
use and perceived credibility of information sources and
variations by socioeconomic factors among Savannah River
stakeholders Author: Williams, B. Other Author(s): A. Vallei, S. Brown, and M. Greenberg Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Risk: Health Safety & Environment 69. Abstract: Introduction The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has had trouble effectively communicating risks to the public and involving the public in future site activity. Historically, residents living near DOE sites such as nuclear weapons facilities have voiced distrust and uncertainty about the environmental policies of the DOE complexes. 1Those living near DOE nuclear weapons facilities assert that they are poorly informed about various activities at the sites and that the DOE does not listen to their concerns and needs. 2 Residents living near the DOE's Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action programs (FUSRAP) also report being inadequately informed about various remediation activities at the sites. 3 Lack of public awareness concerning such issues at DOE sites has resulted in lowered and exaggerated public concern and a lack of public involvement in policy decision-making. The DOE is attempting to find better ways to involve and communicate with stakeholders. Such an endeavor involves understanding factors that impact stakeholders willingness to be involved with the DOE, including stakeholder perceptions, beliefs, demographic characteristics, and communication sources. This paper describes an effort to investigate these factors among residents living near the DOE's Savannah River Nuclear Weapons Site (SRS). To understand the problems the DOE has with its stakeholders or residents living near the SRS, it is necessary to first delineate the importance of risk communication and how it is conceptualized in the context of risk-related remediation efforts. |
| Future
histories Author: Mercer, D. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Ft. Worth, TX, April 1-5. Abstract: |
| Future
histories: A waste of time at Hanford Author: Mercer, D. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP In Progress Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Abstract: |
| Future Land
use at nuclear weapons sites: Issues for local
communities Author: Lowrie K. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Annual Conference of the American Collegiate Schools of Planning, Pasadena, CA. November 7. Abstract: |
| Geographical
dimensions and correlates of trust Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): and B. Williams. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Risk Analysis 19(2): 159-169. Abstract: A sample of 323 residents of New Jersey stratified by neighborhood quality (excellent, good, fair, poor) was gathered to determine if trust in science and technology to protect public health and environment at the societal scale was associated with trust of the local officials, such as the mayor, health officer, developers, mass media, and legislators who are guardians of the local environment. Societal (trust of science and technology) and neighborhood (mayor, health officer) dimensions of trust were found. These societal and neighborhood trust dimensions were weakly correlated. Respondents were divided into four trust-of-authority groups: high societal-high neighborhood, low societal-low neighborhood, high societal-low neighborhood, and low societal-high neighborhood. High societal-high neighborhood trust respondents were older, had lived in the neighborhoods for many years, were not troubled much by neighborhood or societal environmental threats, and had a strong sense of control over their environment. In strong contrast, low societal-low neighborhood trust respondents were relatively young, typically had lived in their present neighborhood for a short time, were troubled by numerous neighborhood and societal environmental threats, did not practice many personal public health practices, and felt little control over their environment. |
| Group
meetings as fora for understanding public participation
in future land use decisions, Report 8 Author: Simon, D., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1996 Citation: August. Abstract: This report summarizes a group discussion held in Allendale County, located immediately south of the Savannah River Site. The goal of this pilot test of a new group interview protocol, tested on a gathering of 15 members of the County Chamber of Commerce, was to determine why there are low levels of public involvement in this county and how publicparticipation could be improved. The participants at the meeting were highly motivated to participate in future land use decisions at SRS, but were angry and frustrated with current participation processes. |
| Hazards, risk
and the press – What is important?: A comparative
analysis of newspaper coverage of nuclear and chemical
weapons sites Author: Lowrie, K., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Risk: Health, Safety and Environment 11(1): 49-67. Abstract: |
| Hazards, risk
and the press – What is important?: A comparative
analysis of newspaper coverage of nuclear and chemical
weapons sites Author: Lowrie, K. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Biennial Meeting of the Risk Assessment and Policy Association, Alexandria, VA, March 26. Abstract: |
| Hazards, risk
and the press: What is important?: A comparative analysis
of newspaper coverage of nuclear and chemical weapons'
sites, Report 29 Author: Lowrie, Karen Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1999 Citation: March. Abstract: |
| High-level
waste at Hanford: Status report and identification of
issues Author: Leschine, T., Other Author(s): A. Guglielmo, J. Abbotts, and F. Lo. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1999 Citation: February. Abstract: Introduction: Background and Study Objective How to safety retrieve, process and dispose of the millions of gallons of highly radioactive wastes that are contained in leaking underground storage tanks at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation has proved to be one of the most serious technical challenges of the late 20th Century. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) is a major component of its Environmental Management Program (EM), in fact the largest single program activity in an annual program budget now approaching $5.5 billion per year (DOE-EM, 1997a). The present status and future disposition of the Hanford tank wastes has been a major concern of local and regional stakeholders, and has occupied considerable attention at the national level from federal agencies, Congress and members of the scientific and technical community. At the local and regional levels active stakeholder interest ranges broadly, spanning a diversity of topics that include economic and business concerns, the health of the envirorunent, public and worker health, other workforce issues, and matters of unique concern to Native Americans (see Appendix 1). The expressed concerns of the full array of interests are as varied as basic public safety issues in relation to site operations and the implications of the cleanup for attempts to balance the federal budget early in the next century (Table 1). |
| Impact of
providing off-site economic development funds to
dependent regions surrounding the U.S. DOE’s major
nuclear weapons sites, Report 13 Author: Frisch, M., Other Author(s): L. Solitare, M. Greenberg and K. Lowrie. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1997 Citation: November. Abstract: Using an interregional econometric model, a comparative analysis was made of the economic impacts of providing funds for environmental management, education, and infrastructure to the regions surrounding four of the United States Department of Energy's massive former nuclear weapons sites in Idaho, Tennessee, South Carolina, and Washington. Infrastructure funds were used to build sewers, water lines, roads, bridges and maintain existing infrastructure. Education funds were invested in higher education, primary and vocational schools, books, and libraries. Environmental management funds were invested in on-site remediation. Education produced the most jobs and personal income per dollar of investment, followed by environmental management. Infrastructure, by far, produced the least impact. An important reason for these results is that the relatively small regional economies surrounding these sites are unable to supply the goods and services required for major expansions. Hence, there is considerable leakage of investments to other regions. The limitations of these models to capture feedbacks from investments is emphasized. |
| Impact of
providing off-site economic development funds to
dependent regions surrounding the US DOE's major nuclear
weapons sites Author: Frisch, M., Other Author(s): L. Solitare, M. Greenberg and K. Lowrie. Document Type: CRESP In Press Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Journal of Policy Analysis and Modeling. Abstract: Using an interregional econometric model, a comparative analysis was made of the economic impacts of providing funds for environmental management, education, and infrastructure to the regions surrounding four of the United States Department of Energy's massive former nuclear weapons sites in Idaho, Tennessee, South Carolina, and Washington. Infrastructure funds were used to build sewers, water lines, roads, bridges and maintain existing infrastructure. Education funds were invested in higher education, primary and vocational schools, books, and libraries. Environmental management funds were invested in on-site remediation. Education produced the most jobs and personal income per dollar of investment, followed by environmental management. Infrastructure, by far, produced the least impact. An important reason for these results is that the relatively small regional economies surrounding these sites are unable to supply the goods and services required for major expansions. Hence, there is considerable leakage of investments to other regions. The limitations of these models to capture feedbacks from investments is emphasized. |
| Implementation
oflong-termstewardship programs: Casse studies of
effective resource protection, Report 42 Author: Lowrie, K., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 2000 Citation: December. Abstract: |
| Improving
neighborhood quality: A hierarchy of needs Author: Greenberg, M.R. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Housing Policy Debate 10(3): 601-623. Abstract: A sample of 306 residents of New Jersey stratified by type of neighborhood was gathered in order to measure the association of residents' ratings of neighborhood quality with neighborhood attributes and residents'characteristics. Poor neighborhood quality was strongly associated with crime/vandalism and physical decay, as well as with mistrust of authority, negative emotions. pessimism, and a lack of sense of mastery of the environment. The policy implications of these findings are important. First, improving schools, controlling locally unwanted land uses, and improving other neighborhood conditions, will help improve neighborhood quality only if crime and blight are ccontrolled. Second, many residents of poor and fair quatlity neighborhoods mistrust authority, including the local officals and potential investors who will spearhead neighborhood redevelopment. This destructive form of mistrust must be addressed. |
| Industrial
location and nuclear weapons facilities: The case of the
DOE facilities at Savannah River, Report 7 Author: Mayer, H., Other Author(s): M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1996 Citation: November. Abstract: |
| Inequalities
of power, costs and benefits across geographic scales:
The future uses of the Hanford reservation Author: Morrill, R. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Political Geography 18:1-23. Abstract: Although the United States has a federal system of government, and there are many constituencies which extol and defend local autonomy, there appear to be yet stronger forces and more powerful interests which lead to a pronounced tendency for higher levels of government and wider interests to prevail in the conflicts across geographic scales. Reasons for the supremacy of higher levels are discussed theoretically, and then illustrated through an examination of controversies surrounding the future uses of the Hanford nuclear reservation in Washington state. |
| Interactive
computer demonstration: A space-time trajectory of
Hanford 100-K area workers Author: Drew, C. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Proceedings Publication Date: 1999 Citation: In proceedings of the Second Annual Health of the Hanford Site Conference, 242-248. Richland, WA: University of Washington. Abstract: Knowing that a common critique of DOE and Hanford is the tendency to "stovepipe" or look at things very narrowly, we wanted to take a very broad-based approach to understanding Hanford risks. Further, we wanted our project to be useful and understandable to both novices and experts, if that's possible. Specifically, our objectives were to use GIS--Geographic Information Systems--to analyze and communicate risk, to use a wide variety of data sources, and to see if new 3-dimensional software could be useful for planning and communication processes at DOE. This is a way to build shared understanding among groups of people, and you need to have a shared understanding before such groups can reach any kind of consensus. Geographically based systems can also be a better way to introduce complex issues to novices on the site. Perhaps they can provide better occupational health planning, particularly in terms of visualization of workers' daily path though hazards. GIS-based risk analysis can also be important for tracking and accumulating exposures, which is particularly critical for management of radionuclide exposure. In general, we believe geographically based assessments might provide better scheduling and planning, and might facilitate a manager's ability to track progress, show milestones, as well as log and communicate reductions in risk. Also, the data management capabilities of GIS can help aggregate data about individuals across populations. A much more sophisticated analysis of risk over time can also be addressed using a GIS, and that time component is certainly something that hasn't yet been sufficiently addressed. |
| Interview of
land use stakeholders in SRS region Author: Lowrie, K. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Questionaires and Instruments Utilized Publication Date: 1996 Citation: Spring. Abstract: |
| Interviews
with Economic Development Officials near SRS, Hanford and
INEEL Author: Mayer, H. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Questionaires and Instruments Utilized Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Fall. Abstract: |
| Interviews
with local government and econommic development officials
in three DOE-dominated regions Author: Mayer, H. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP In Progress Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Abstract: |
| Interviews
with local officials near DOE FUSRAP, UMTRA and small
sites, Report 30 Author: Simon, D. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Spring.] Abstract: |
| Interviews
with Planners near major DOE sites Author: Lowrie, K., Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Questionaires and Instruments Utilized Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Spring. Abstract: Lowrie, K. 1999. |
| Land use
allocation optimization models applied to future use at
the US DOE's major nuclear weapons sites, Report 31 Author: Greenberg, M. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1999 Citation: July. Abstract: A simple land use allocation model is described as a way of organizing and analyzing future use options at major DOE weapons sites. The advantages and disadvantages of this model and alternatives are described. |
| Land use
options and economic outcomes Author: Lowrie, K. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Integrating Risk, Restoration and Future Use of Savannah River Site. Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Conference Center, Aiken, SC, September 10-11. Abstract: |
| Land use
planning at energy sites: involves communication,
coordination, and commitment Author: Lowrie, K. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Public Management 82( 5): 18-23. Abstract: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) occupies a large amount of land, with vast sites located in a few states but smaller parcels found in more than 30 states. These are places where nuclear materials and weapons have been designed, manufactured, and assembled. At many of the larger sites, such as Hanford in southeastern Washington (560 square miles) and the Savan nah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina (310 square miles), production facilities are concentrated toward the center of the tract, leaving sizable buffer zones of uncontaminated and untouched land. Challenges Are Ahead Although DOE is the nation's fourth largest landlord, with more than 2.4 million acres under its management, it never has been a land management agency and therefore has no formal policy for managing and planning the use of its lands, other than for national security missions. In fact, it has traditionally operated in a manner antithetical to that of a land management agency. Site officials have not been trained in land use planning; no uniform land use planning documents have been required; and until recently, no open public involvement processes have been implemented. In contrast, other large land-owning agencies, like the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the National Park Service (NPS), and the Department of Agriculture's U.S. Forest Service (USFS), all have statutory mandates to manage land either for multiple use (BLM and USEFS) or for preservation and enjoyment (NPS). Likewise , these agencies have uniform policies that have been in place for decades to govern the development of management plans and procedures for updating them. |
| Land use,
risk perception and risk management at U.S. nuclear
weapons facilities Author: Lowrie, K. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting. Washington, DC, December 7-10. Abstract: |
| Learning to
Expect the Unexpected in High Level Waste Management Author: Leschine, T. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP In Progress Researcher Reports Publication Date: 200X Citation: Abstract: |
| Legislative
and regulatory framework guiding public participation at
DOE small sites, Report 23 Author: Simon, D., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1999 Citation: February. Abstract: |
| Local and
federal government relationships in land use planning and
management: A comparison of the DOE and other federal
agencies. Report 38 Author: Lowrie K., Other Author(s): M. Greenberg Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 2000 Citation: May 2000 Abstract: Since the early days of our Republic, Federal, state and local levels of govenunent have argued, sometimes violently, over matters of control, regulation and supremacy. Over many years of court decisions and legislative battles, the Federal government has established its primacy to set standards in such areas as environmental protection, public health and consumer and workplace safety. However, in matters of community development, infrastructure planning and land use regulation, local levels of government have been largely free to exercise control within their own jurisdictions without a great deal of Federal oversight. That is, owners of land within the boundaries of a city or town are subject to local zoning, planning and subdivision ordinances. Decisions about changes in land use or development typically are made by a local governing body, including public hearings with the opportunity for citizen input. When land is owned by private citizens, companies, or by the local government, this process of land use control can usually be negotiated and resolved locally. However, when the Federal govenunent is the landowner, it is much more unclear what the role of the local jurisdiction is with regard to land management. Typically, unless the Federal agency explicitly grants the locality authority to regulate land use, the local government has little, if any, power to oversee land use planning on the Federal property or assure its conformity with surrounding land use. In short, the Federal government's power is "supreme" to manage lands on its own property. In most of the Eastern half of the United States, there is very little land under Federal ownership. Where Federal facilities are located in Eastern states, they are often seen as largely beneficial to the local community, either through the 'obs they create (military bases. weapons sites, etc.), or through the positive image and tourist attraction they offer (National Parks and Historic Sites). But in the Western states, where anywhere from one quarter (Washington) to over three quarters (Nevada) of the land is owned by the Federal government, local attitudes about the presence of Federal land is much more equivocal, and at times, even hostile (Graf, 1990). For instance, U.S. Forest Service offices in Nevada have been bombed (Witt and Alan, 1997). In a recent survey of county commissioners in four Western states, commissioners from rural counties reported more trouble in their relationship with the federal goveniment than those from urban counties, with counties that have undertaken "county supremacy" movements reporting the highest level of conflict. Not surprisingly, the percentage of federal land was higher in the county supremacy counties than in other counties (Witt and Alan, 1997). Since the frontier days, ranchers, farmers, miners and timberrnen have been able to use and extract resources from vast stretches of Federal land. When Federal policies have restricted access and use of these lands, typically communities have become resentful. Tle Sagebrush Rebellion of the late 1970's and its later reoccurrence as the Wise Use Movement of the late 1980's was largely an expression of the desire for more local control over land use and a demand that Federal agencies consider local wishes and effects on local economic stability in making land use decisions (Gallagher, 1996; Steel, 1997; Pendley, 1995). In the mid- 1990's, the Nevada Association of Counties called for a new Sagebrush Rebellion, with Nye County, NV, the home of the Department of Energy's Nevada Test Site, even trying to claim ownership of public lands. Utah's National Federal Lands Conference continues to crusade for Western counties to encourage passing of local ordinances that supersede Federal land use and environmental regulations. ("Wise Use Watch," 1995). The issue of Federal lands in local places is far from resolved. The four largest Federal land-holding Departments collectively own 577 million acres of land (Table 1). This is equal to the entire land area of Alaska, Montana, California and South Carolina combined. Almost half of it is "public domain," or federal rangeland, managed by the Department of Interior's Bureau of Land Management. About a third of the total Federal land holdings are National Forests, owned by the Department of Agficulture's Forest Service (FS). The rest are National Parks and National Wildlife Refuges, also managed by the Department of the Interior, military bases, ranges and installations owned by the Department of Defense (DOD), and nuclear weapons sites owned by the Department of Energy (DOE). |
| Local impacts
of nuclear weapons facilities: surveys of planners and
fiscal officers. Poster Author: Lowrie, K. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Local impacts
of U.S. nuclear weapons facilities: A survey of planners Author: Lowrie, K., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Submitted Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: The Environmentalist Abstract: This research examines the perceptions of planners in communities around the largest U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear weapons sites. Surveys and interviews revealed that planners are often unclear about DOE intentions, concerned about jobs and environmental contamination, and desire more involvement with future site use decisions. Planners' ratings of residents' trust of the DOE were also low, and low trust was most strongly associated with places where local officials have not been invited to future use meetings. Recommendations include improving coordination of on-site planning with local land use plans and increasing trust with a Federal-local government partnership that recognizes local concerns about the clean-up, closure and disposition of the sites. |
| Local
interviews in the SRS region: A perspective on
socioeconomic and land use impacts of future use options,
Report 5 Author: Lowrie, K., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1996 Citation: July. Abstract: |
| Local Land
Use Planning and Future Use of U.S. DOE Sites:
Communication, Coordination and Commitment, Report 32 Author: Lowrie, K. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1999 Citation: September. Abstract: Executive Summary: As the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) moves from clean-up to reuse and eventual closure and land transfer at some of its major sites, the issue of future land use becomes among the most important to be addressed. Now as clean-up and reuse decisions are being made, it is important to develop a process to coordinate on-site planning with off-site municipal and regional planning activities.The DOE is beginning to recognize that land use planning needs to become one of its missions. Now, planning needs to go beyond the traditional "facilities-based" approach to view the entire land resource and all of its potential values and uses in a more comprehensive and integrative way. This shift requires a different set of skills, with specialists trained in planning, socioeconomic analysis, geographic information systems, land use law, conflict resolution and public participation. In this study, we conducted a survey of 21 off-site municipal or county planners in DOE regions and a survey of on-site planners at 13 major sites. The goal was to find out the current status of planning for future land use at the sites and to what degree there is interaction between on and off-site planners. Interviewing both on and off-site planners allowed us to compare local views with those of the people responsible for planning at the sites. In the report, we summarize the results of interviews with on-site planners and off-site planners and we also discuss some of the differing perceptions of land use concerns across sites and between the sites and local officials. An analysis of the findings reveals that land use planning is not performed in a consistent manner across sites, and not necessarily tied to policy and program decisions. Some off-site planners reported minimal to no concerns and some reported very extensive interest and concern in land use at the sites. Important land use issues for local planners included identifying areas on the sites that are excess and DOE assurances that communities are neither subject to nor held responsible for future contamination problems. Most responses from planners on and off-site indicated that there was little or no direct communication between the DOE sites and local planners. The local planners we interviewed also indicated that their local governments are not prepared to assume responsibilities for long-term stewardship. Another issue that emerged from the interviews was that site officials have different definitions of stewardship across sites. Based on the results, we suggest a site planning typology for DOE sites, as a way to categorize the degree of emphasis that is necessary to be placed on coordinated regional land use planning. Policy recommendations are as follows:1. Make land use planning a priority at all major DOE sites (both EM and DP), beginning with the establishment of a clear DOE land use policy with consistent guidelines. Planning at the sites should be supported by separate budget appropriations and linked to operational and policy decisions on site;2. To support a commitment to land use planning, work toward the goal of every site hiring a trained professional planner (a DOE employee) to serve both as the Federal Point of Contact for planning and also as the adjacent communities' contact for land use planning concerns; 3. Integrate regional land use planning with stewardship planning functions, including assigning these responsibilities to the same person or office at each site;4. Adopt the site land use typology proposed in this report, or another that functions as a way to distinguish and classify sites according to their missions as they relate to land use planning needs;5. Set up a communication mechanism between on-site planners and off-site planning agencies at each site, with its structure and purpose defined according to the site mission and local needs; 6. Perform mutual review and comment on land use plans between the sites and neighboring jurisdictions, with some incentives provided for sites to be accountable for responding to comments; 7. Develop and define roles and responsibilities for stewardship, with early involvement of local government officials and adequate long-term support to agencies charged with responsibilities; 8. If there are security concerns regarding the discussion of certain data with local governments, explain the security issues clearly to local officials, so that the rules of engagement for communications are known;9. Actively identify excess or underutilized parcels of land at the sites and present them in a timely and forthright manner to local land use authorities (i.e. with hazards and constraints identified);10. Concentrate future federal activities geographically on the sites, to allow more opportunity for reuse around the edges, minimize possible health risks and protect resources from further damage;11. Jointly manage and link databases of land use information with local land use agencies, including employing uniform definitions for potential land use categories; 12. Prepare and distribute a comprehensive "guide for local officials" on long-term planning, reuse and stewardship; 13. Consider the creation of new "cooperative planning" entities at the sites made up of local planners, officials from the site and other federal and state agencies. This organization would assume long-term planning responsibilities, including testing the impact of alternative land use ideas on the site and surrounding regions and considering alternative management processes in response to these land use options. |
| Local
planners' perspectives on future use planning at nuclear
weapons facilities, Report 9 Author: Lowrie, K., Other Author(s): M. Greenberg, and V. Singh. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1997 Citation: May. Abstract: United States nuclear weapons research and production facilities, owned by the Department of Energy (DOE), have been operated in secrecy for fifty years. Now, after the Cold War has ended, many of the sites are facing closure or significant downsizing and a shift to other missions and uses. This research examines the perceptions of local land use planners in communities around the largest DOE sites. Surveys and interviews revealed that planners are often unclear about DOE intentions, concerned about job losses and environmental contamination, and would like more involvement into risk management and future use decisions at the sites. A factor analysis yielded a typology of local perceptions about the sites, including areas defined as "antagonistic," "supportive-dependent," and "good neighbor." Each relationship is characterized by a different set of local characteristics, concerns and perceptions. Trust of the DOE was also found to be very low among local planners, and low trust was most strongly associated with places where planners rate the overall impact of the site on the community negatively, residents perceive environmental problems and where local officials have not been invited to attend meetings about future use. Recommendations to improve risk management and fiftre use decisions at the DOE sites include improving coordination of son-site planning with local land use plans and understanding the unique'regional contexts that influence risk perceptions. Trust in the transition process can be increased with a Federal-local partnership that recognizes local concerns, desires and potential impacts from clean-up, closure and ultimate disposition of the sites. |
| Long range
planning for stewardship at DOE sites. Poster Author: Lowrie, K. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Responsive science: Forging regulatory resolution at DOE sites, Washington, DC, April 12. Abstract: |
| Modeling and
land-use issues for Hanford future development scenarios.
Poster Author: Morill, R., Other Author(s): and SH. McMullin. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Neighborhood
quality, environmental hazards, personality traits, and
resident actions Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): and D. Schneider. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Risk Analysis 17: 169-175. Abstract: A survey of 798 New Jersey residents examined relationships among residents' neighborhood activities, perceptions of neighborhood quality, trust of experts, support for rebuilding cities and equal rights, and degree of optimism. Neighborhood activities increased with lack of trust and optimism. These personality characteristic measures were folded into multidimensional constructs that included local environmental hazards, respondents' ratings of their previous neighborhoods, and some demographic variables. Pessimism and values that support equal rights and rebuilding cities were weakly associated with poor quality neighborhood ratings. |
| Newspaper
coverage of major United States nuclear weapos sites:
Comparison of two areas over a one-year period, Report
18, March Author: Lowrie, K., Other Author(s): L. Waishwell, and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Abstract: |
| Nuclear
salvage: Public trust and future land uses for former
nuclear weapons production sites Author: Mercer, D. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Ft. Worth, TX, April 1-5. Abstract: |
| Nuclear
salvage: Public trust and future land uses for former
nuclear weapons productions sites Author: Mercer, D., Other Author(s): R. Morrill, and R. Fenske. Document Type: CRESP In Progress Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Abstract: |
| Perception of
time as a metric in risk characterization Author: Williams, B., Other Author(s): and B. Goldstein. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Annual meeting of the Society for Risk Analysis, Phoenix, AZ. Abstract: The Savannah River Stakeholder Study involved analysis of variables related to environmental risk perception, policy, and management in a region surrounding the DOE, Savannah River Site (SRS). 1,671 respondents were interviewed using a computer-assisted telephone system. The Risk Communication Profile Instrument (RCPI) was used for the study. The estimated Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient for the RCPI was a=.89 (n=863). Respondents' risk perceptions were analyzed in relationship to the mode of risk characterization to convey environmental risk. We examined the impact of time-ordered versus probability-based risk characterizations on respondents' perception of risk. The literature indicates that time-ordered risk characterization is more likely than probability-based characterization to lower an individual's perceived magnitude of risk (Weinsten, Kolb, and Goldstein, 1996). The findings of this study support the literature; respondents were significantly more likely to perceive a higher degree of risk with probability-based rather than time-based risk characterization (p. <.05). Additionally, a step-wise discriminant analysis and logistic regression were conducted to examine the psychological, social and economic characteristics of respondents' risk perceptions in light of each mode of risk characterization. Significant relationships were demonstrated between respondent characteristics and understanding of probability versus time based risk characterization. |
| Placing
future land use planning in a regional context: The
Savannah River Site Author: Lowrie, K., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Federal Facilities Environmental Journal, Spring: 51-65. Abstract: Since the end of the Cold War,facilities that were part of our nation's nuclear weapons complex are shifting from production of bombs to cleanup of wastes and reuse of lands and facilities no longer neededfor bomb-making activities. This shift will necessitate a new style ofplanning that must include the understanding that on-site land uses can have a great impact on off-site land uses and planning in the larger regions where these facilities are located. This article explains the need to place land use planning at Department of Energy (DOE) sites intoa larger regional planning context by drawing on the example of recent research conducted by the authors at the Savannah River Site. A study of written plans that have been developed and interviews with planners and local officials showed that fiiture uses will have a great impact on co?nmunities and that constructive planning initiatives are needed to build the trust necessary for DOE to enter a public dialogue about the risks and benefits of alternative land use scenarios. |
| Planners'
survey Author: Lowrie, K. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Questionaires and Instruments Utilized Publication Date: 1996 Citation: Fall. Abstract: |
| Prospects
forsuccess of business incubators in defense-dominated
regions, Report 41 Author: Lewis, D. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 2001 Citation: Winter. Abstract: |
| Public health
and Brownfields: Reviving the past to protect the future Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): Lee, C., and C. Powers. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: American Journal of Public Health 88(12):1759-1760. Abstract: Public health, city planning, and civil engineering in the United States evolved together as a consequence of the late-19-century effort to reduce the harmful impacts of rapid industrialization and urbanization. Reformers recognized that poor housing, inadequate sanitaion and ventilation, and dangerous working conditions helped cause devastating outbreaks of cholera and typhoid as well as working morbidity and unrest. In Buffalo, NY, New York, Ny, Pittsburrgh, Pa, and other US cities, elected officials and experts joined together to learn more about the inter-realtionships among economic development, land use, education, environmental protection, and public health. The reformers' legacy includes parts (e.g., New York's Central Park), zoning (a legal device, developed to separate danerous industries from residences), and a clear sense of the link between economic development and public health. |
| Public
participation in reuse and remedication decisions at DOE
FUSRAP, UMTRA and small sites, Dissertation in urban
planning, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ Author: Simon, D. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Dissertations or Theses Completed Publication Date: 2000 Citation: May. Abstract: |
| Questioning
conventional wisdom: The regional economic impacts of
major U.S. nuclear weapons sites, 1970-1994 Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): A. Isserman, M. Frisch, D. Krueck, K. Lowrie, H. Mayer, D. Simon, and D. Sorenson. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 33: 183-204. Abstract: The US government built a massive nuclear weapons complex during the 1940's and 1950's. The conventional wisdom is that these facilities are sources of jobs and income for the surrounding regions. Recent research challenges the conventional wisdom, finding that areas with the weapons facilities have higher unemployment rates, attract less than their share of private sector investment, and suffer from the stigma of environmental contamination. We find evidence that supports both contentions and shows that geography and the built environment, including public infrastructure, are often key determinants of the economic impact on surrounding areas. Using a control group method, we studied 22 counties located within 10 miles of the five most prominent nuclear weapons sites. Focusing on the most recent quarter century, we identified large increases in employment, population, and income beginning in the mid-1970 s in the counties hosting the largest facilities. Most of the counties adjacent to the host counties also manifested economic impacts larger than their control counties, but some did not. The lagging counties tended to be physically isolated and lacking in public services and other attributes that tend to attract residential and commercial development. |
| Questionnaire
- companies located in SRS area Author: Mayer, H. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Questionaires and Instruments Utilized Publication Date: 1996 Citation: Fall. Abstract: |
| Ranking and
rating systems in environmental management: An assessment
via the advocacy coalition framework Author: Leschine, T.M., Other Author(s): K.A. Lind, and M. Martz. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: School of Marine Affairs Working Paper 97-8, June. Abstract: |
| Recovering
from the environmental and economic fallout: nuclear
weapons in rural communities. Poster Author: Mayer, H.J. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Recovering
from environmental and economic fallout: Dominant
employers in rural communities, Report 25 Author: Mayer, H. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1998 Citation: November. Abstract: The federal government's massive spending on nuclear weapons materials generated hundreds of thousands ofjobs and pumped billions of dollars into a small number of regional communities during the 1940s and 1950s. This concentration of financial and physical resources caused the almost overnight formation of urban centers in what formerly had been remote, rural areas, and made the economies of the regions that surround the Hanford, Savannah River and INEEL sites heavily dependent on nuclear-related government funding. As a result, workforce downsizing and the eventual closing of these sites has caused significant economic harm to many of these communities. This pattern of economic boom or bust, and area dependency on a single employer or industry is not a new phenomenon, as evidenced by the significant economic impact caused in Midwestern and Northeastern cities by the loss of millions of manufacturing jobs during the past 30 years. The first goal of the research described in this report was to determine the redevelopment concepts, strategies and programs developed by these communities in response to their loss of critical industrial benefactors. The second goal was to see if the three relatively rural DOE dependent regions were aware of these strategies and could use them to help break their dependency on weapons funding and create viable and possibly sustainable economies for the future. The results of the first part paint a pained history of significant population and employment losses, failure by local leaders to stem these losses, communities locked into out-of-date economic perceptions, and environmental and labor barriers to attracting new jobs. These results show how serious a problem the DOE dependent regions face. |
| Regional
economic analysis of managing Savannah River's
radioactive salt wastes, Report 40 Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): D. Lewis and M. Frisch. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 2000 Citation: July. Abstract: |
| Regional
economic benefits of environmental management at the U.S.
Department of Energy’s major nuclear weapons sites,
Report 12 Author: Frisch, M., Other Author(s): L. Solitare, M. Greenberg, and K. Lowrie. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1997 Citation: September. Abstract: The five major U.S. Department of Energy nuclear weapons sites located in the states of Colorado, Idaho, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Washington have changed functions. Environmental management of 50 years of on-site contamination is now the primary function of the sites. The cost of this cleanup is estimated at over $200 billion dollars. An econometric model was built to estimate the economic impact of changing environmental management expenditures on the surrounding regional economies. These simulations show wide variability among the host regions in dependence on the DOE site and differences in the likelihood of producing jobs and adding to personal income from environmental management investments at the sites. Urban regions, such as Oak Ridge are more able to convert environmental management dollars into local jobs and income than rural regions, such as the Idaho National Environmental Engineering Laboratory. |
| Regional
economic benefits of environmental management at the US
Department of Energy’s major nuclear weapons sites Author: Frisch, M., Other Author(s): L. Solitare, M. Greenberg and K. Lowrie. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Journal of Environmental Management 54(1): 23-37. Abstract: The five majorr US Department of Energy nuclear weapons sites located in the states of Colorado, Idaho, South Carolina, Tennessee and Washington have changed functions. Environmental management of 50 years of on-site contamination is now the primary function of the sites. The cost of this cleanup is estimated at over $200 billion. A regional economic simulation model was built to estimate the economic impact of changing environmental management expenditures on the surrounding regional economies. These simulations show wide variability among the host regions in dependence on the DOE site and differences in the likelihood of pmducing jobs and adding to personal income from environmental management investrmnts at the sites. Urban regions, such as Oak Ridge, are more able to convert environmental management dollars into local jobs and income than rural regions, such as the Idaho National Environmental Engineering Laboratory. |
| Regional
economic impact modeling: Environmental management,
economic development, and accelerated cleanup. Poster Author: Soltare, L. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Regional
economic impact of DOE sites: A historical perspective,
Report 33 Author: Frisch, M., Other Author(s): and D. Lewis. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Abstract: The federal government's massive spending on nuclear weapons materials and research generated hundreds of thousands of jobs and pumped billions of dollars into a small number of regions during the 1940s and 1950s. This concentration of financial and physical resources caused the almost overnight formation of small urban centers in what formerly had been remote, rural areas, and made the economies of the regions that surround the Hanford, Savannah River and INEEL sites heavily dependent on nuclear related government funding. With the end of the Cold War and global agreement to reduce nuclear arsenals, these facilities have been made obsolete. More than 20,000 jobs have been recently eliminated and thousands more were lost at private companies providing support services to these facilities and the displaced workers and their families. Further reductions will likely occur within the next seven to ten years. These changes raise critical questions regarding the long-term economic future of the three DOE regions. Our research confirmed that each of the regions is confronted with an economic dependency associated with continued DOE funding of the sites, but that Aiken and Benton counties are more dependent than the other six counties examined. Three of these counties are instead more economically dependent on their agricultural sectors. Research identified various impediments to attracting new industry and jobs that are sufficient in number and/or income to offset the lost DOE positions. These ranged from remoteness and lack of sufficient workforce, land or buildings in the INEEL region to Hanford?s serious environmental stigma. Our research also identified serious undercurrents of DOE mistrust and a lack of regional economic focus in several areas that will likely hamper the ability to create more diverse economies. Weaknesses and disparities in the success of the CROs was also noted, along with inconsistencies in financial assistance for regional economic development initiatives. |
| Regional
Economic Impact of the Changing Role of U.S. Department
of Energy Facilities: the Case of the Savannah River Site
Region, and the States of South Carolina and Georgia Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): M. Frisch, L. Solitare and K. Lowrie. Document Type: CRESP In Press Manuscripts Publication Date: 200X Citation: Evaluation and Program Planning. Abstract: |
| Regional
economic impact of the changing role of US Department of
Energy facilities: The case of the Savannah River Site
Region, and the states of South Carolina and Georgia,
Report 22 Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): M. Frisch, L. Solitare and K. Lowrie. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1999 Citation: February. Abstract: The economic impacts of the U.S. Department of Energy's accelerated environmental cleanup plan are estimated for the period 2000 to 2035 for the region surrounding the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Nuclear Weapons Site in South Carolina and for the states of South Carolina and Georgia. The detrimental economic impact, which reaches more than 20 percent ofjobs, and personal income in the multi-county area immediately surrounding the site, can be reduced by on- and off-site investments. The impacts of building an accelerator to produce tritium and of investing in the region's educational system and infrastructure are explored as illustrations. The findings imply a need for considerable thought about what kinds of investments should be made in the region. |
| Respiratory
protective devices: Rates of medical clearance and causes
for work restrictions Author: Pappas, G.P., Other Author(s): T.K. Takaro, B. Stover, N. Beaudet, M. Salazar, J. Calcagni, D. Shoop, and S. Barnhart. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: American Journal of Industrial Medicine 53: 390-394 Abstract: There are no published data on the outcomes and benefits of medical evaluations for the use of respiratory protective devices. We, therefore, conducted a retrospective database and chart review to assess the rates of medical clearance and causes for work restrictions at a Department of Energy complex. All workers with work restrictions or denied clearance over a one-year period were identified and their medical records abstracted. Of the 5,569 workers who received medical evaluation, only 71 (1.3%) received limitations on respirator use documented in their medical record. Of the 65 workers with sufficient medical records for additional analysis, 9 of the 5,569 workers (0.2%) were denied medical learance, while 56 workers (I. I%) received work restrictions. Pregnancy was the most common cause for denying medical clearance for respirator use. Lung disease, cardiovascular disease, and laustrophobia were the most common causes for work restrictions. Physical examination and spirometry added little to the detection of relevant medical conditions. We conclude that few workers fail medical clearance for respirator use or receive work restrictions. Data on adverse events from respirator use are needed to help design appropriate medical evaluations and uniform criteria for work restrictions or denial of medical clearance. |
| Reuse and
public participation at small DOE sites. Poster Author: Simon, D. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Risk
communication profile instrument (RCPI) Author: Williams, B., Other Author(s): M. Greenberg, and S. Brown. Document Type: CRESP Questionaires and Instruments Utilized Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Abstract: |
| Risk
perception in context: The Savannah River stakeholder
study Author: Williams, B., Other Author(s): S. Brown and .M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Risk Analysis 19(6): 1019-1035. Abstract: Environmental managers are increasingly charged with involving the public in the development and modification of policies regarding risks to human health and the environment. Involving the public in environmental decision making first requires a broad understanding of how and why the public perceives various risks. The Savannah River Stakeholder Study was conducted with the purpose of investigating individual, economic, and social characteristics of risk perceptions among those living near the Savannah River Nuclear Weapons Site. A number of factors were found to impact risk perceptions among those living near the site. One's estimated proximity to the site and relative river location surfaced as strong determinants of risk perceptions among SRS residents. Additionally, living in a quality neighborhood and demonstrating a willingness to accept health risks for economic gain strongly abated heightened risk perceptions. |
| Second
guessing conventional wisdom: The regional economic
impacts of major US nuclear weapons sites, 1970-94,
Report 10 Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): A. Isserman, M. Frisch, D. Krueckeberg, K. Lowrie, H. Mayer, D. Simon, and D. Sorensen. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1997 Citation: May. Abstract: |
| Secular and
faith-based organisations as reliable information sources
for residents of environmentally stressed neighbourhoods Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): and L. Osafo Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Local Environment, Vol. 5, No.2, 171-189 Abstract: |
| Social, land
use and demographic issues in assessing risk at
Department of Energy (DOE) sites Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): and R. Fenske. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1996 Citation: Society for Risk Analysis (SRA) and International Society for Exposure Assessment (ISEA) Joint Meeting. New Orleans, LA, December 7-12. Abstract: The goal of the CRESP social, land use and demography task group is to characterize proposed future land uses at DOE production sites and the distribution of benefits and risks that have resulted and may result from remediation decisions. Existng contamination on sites imposes financial and health risk constraints on the range and intensity of practicable uses of the land, and thus requires a formal, integrative process of evaluation of the costs and benefits among land use alternatives. This task group is examining the values which underlie future land use scenarios, the compatibility of possible and the economic and social impacts of remediation. Reports have been prepared on demographic and economic characteristics of counties adjacent to the Savannah River, Hanford, and other major DOE sites and demographic characteristics and the residential locations of employees of the Savannah River site. Other efforts include geographic information system (GIS) representation of land use options at the Hanford site and of demographic, economic and social characteristics of the Hanford region. |
| Socioeconomic
determinants of neighborhood quality ratings among SRS
residents. Poster Author: Williams, B., Other Author(s): S. Brown, K. Mokbul, and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Socioeconomic
factors associated with stakeholders’ perceptions of
environmental risk and trust Author: Williams, B., Other Author(s): S. Brown, and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Society for Risk Analysis. Washington, DC. Abstract: |
| Socioeconomic
impacts of nuclear weapons facilities: The critical
importance of scale in interpreting history and in
developing policy, Report 4 Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): A. Isserman, D. Kruekeberg, K. Lowrie, H. Mayer, D. Simon, and D. Sorenson. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1997 Citation: February. Abstract: During the 1940s and 1950s, massive facilities were built in the United States to design, construct and test nuclear weapons. What has been the impact of these facilities on the employment, income and population of the surrounding areas? Doubt exists about whether the national security mission was good for the regions where the facilities were built. Using four counties adjacent to the 310- square mile avannah River nuclear weapons site, we apply a method that esti- mates the impact by comparing the growth of the counties to a set of counties that were similar prior to the construction of the nuclear weapons facilities. This counterfactual method identified large increases in employment, income and opulation during the 1950s and the mid-1980s in two counties with weapons facilities. But no benefits and perhaps a negative impact appeared for a third county. The DOE and its contractors are dramatically reducing employment and budgets at Savannah River and other weapons sites. Employment at the site has fallen from over 25,000 in 1992 to less than 17,000 in 1996. It may drop to 8000 if no new 'missions' are created. Federal policy toward these regions is discussed in light of these intra-regional variations in economic impact. |
| Socioeconomic
impacts of US nuclear weapons facilities: A large scale
analysis of Savannah River, 1950 - 1993 Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): D. Krueckeberg, K. Lowrie, H. Mayer, D. Simon, A. Isserman and D. Sorensen. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Applied Geography 18(2): 101-116. Abstract: During the 1940s and 1950s, massive facilities were built in the United States to design, construct and test nuclear weapons. What has been the impact of these facilities on the employment, income and population of the surrounding areas? Doubt exists about whether the national security mission was good for the regions where the facilities were built. Using four counties adjacent to the 310- square mile Savannah River nuclear weapons site, we apply a method that estimates the impact by comparing the growth of the counties to a set of counties that were similar prior to the construction of the nuclear weapons facilities. This counterfactual method identified large increases in employment, income and population during the 1950s and the mid-1980s in two counties with weapons facilities. But no benefits and perhaps a negative impact appeared for a third county. The DOE and its contractors are dramatically reducing employment and budgets at Savannah River and other weapons sites. Employment at the site has fallen from over 25,000 in 1992 to less than 17,000 in 1996. It may drop to 8000 if no new 'missions' are created. Federal policy toward these regions is discussed in light of these intra-regional variations in economic impact. |
| Stakeholder
identification and prioritization of communication
channels for environmental public outreach in counties
surrounding the Savannah River Site Author: Williams, B. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1997 Citation: Annual meeting American Public Health Association (APHA). Indianapolis, IN. Abstract: |
| Stakeholder
identification and prioritization of communication
channels for environmental public outreach in counties
surrounding the Savannah River site Author: Williams, B., Other Author(s): S. Brown, and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Risk: Health, Safety, and Environment 11(1):69-92. Abstract: |
| Survey of
local officials near DOE FUSRAP facilities Author: Simon, D. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Questionaires and Instruments Utilized Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Summer. Abstract: Includes surveys of health officers, mayors, planners and tax assessors. |
| Tank waste at
Hanford: Status report and identification of issues.
Poster Author: Leschine, T., Other Author(s): A. Guglielmo, and J. Abbotts. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| The Economic
Benefits of Off-Site Investment at SRS Author: Solitare, L. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Annual Conference of the American Collegiate Schools of Planning, Pasadena, CA, November 7. Abstract: |
| The economic
benefits of off-site investment at SRS Author: Solitare, L. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Annual Conference of the American Collegiate Schools of Planning, Pasadena, CA. November 7. Abstract: |
| The Economic
Development Impacts of Siting the Tritium Accelerator at
the Savannah River Site Author: Frisch, M., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Regional Science Association, Santa Fe, NM, November 11-14. Abstract: |
| The economic
future of regions surrounding DOE's nuclear weapons
sites:a cooperative research agenda. Poster Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): M. Frisch, K. Lowrie, H. Mayer, D. Simon, L. Solitare Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| The
Environmental and Economic Impact: Nuclear Missions in
Rural Communities Author: Mayer, H. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Dissertations or Theses Completed Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Dissertation completed in Urban Planning, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. Abstract: This thesis examines the economic impact of the U.S. Department of Energy's massive nuclear facilities on related rural regions. The federal government's massive spaending on nuclear weapons materials and research generated hundreds of thousands of jobs and punmped billions of dollars into a small numbers of regions during the 1940s and 1950s. This concentration of financial and physical resources caused the almost overnight formation of small urban centers in what formerly had been remote, rural areas, and made the economics of the regions that surround the Hanford, Savannah River and Idaho National Engineering & Environmental Laboratory sites heavily dependent on nuclear-retated government funding With the end of the Cold War and global agreement to reduce nuclear arsenals, these facilitied have been made obsolete. More than 20,000 jobs have been recently eliminated and thousands more were lost at private companies providing support services to thew facilities and the displaced workers and thier families. Further reductions will likely occur within the next seven to ten years. These changes raise critical questions regarding the long-term economic future of the three DOE regions. My research showed Aiken (SC) and Benton (WA) counties we are more dependent than the other six counties examined. Three of the other counties are more economically dependent on the agricultural sectors in their regions. Research identified various impediments to attracting new industry and jobs. These ranged from remoteness and lack of sufficient stigma. My research also identified serious undercurrents of DOE mistrust and a lack of regional economic focus in several areas that will likely hamper its ability to create a more diverse economy. Weaknesses and disparities in the success of federal government-sponsored economic programs were also noted, along with inconsistencies in financial assistance for regional economic development initiatives. |
| The impact of
Investments in outdoor recreation on the Savannah River
economic region, and the states of South Carolina and
Georgia, Report 21 Author: Solitare, L., Other Author(s): M. Frisch, J. Burger, M. Greenberg and K. Lowrie. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1999 Citation: February. Abstract: Using a multi-regional economic simulation model, a comparative analysis was made of the economic impacts of increasing wildlife-related outdoor recreation expenditures in the regions surrounding the United States Department of Energy's Savannah River (SRS) nuclear weapons site. The analysis shows that expanding recreation opportunities would bring additional jobs an income to the SRS region. We conclude that a combination of on and off-site investments are needed to help strengthen and diversify the regional economy. |
| The impact of
off-site investments in education and infrastructure on
the Savannah River economic region, and the states of
South Carolina and Georgia, Report 19 Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): L. Solitare, M. Frisch and K. Lowrie. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1998 Citation: April. Abstract: Using a multi-regional economic simulation model, a comparative analysis was made of the economic impacts of providing funds for education and infrastructure to the regions surrounding the United States Department of Energy's Savannah River (SRS) nuclear weapons site. We found that concentrating the funds in the seven counties surrounding the SRS produced 7 to IO times as many jobs and as much personal income in the region as dispersing the investments across South Carolina and Georgia. The two states as a whole lost few jobs and little income by concentrating the investment. The limitations of these models to capture feedbacks from investments and the assumptions we made are emphasized. |
| The meaning
of stewardship: Implications for the DOE long-term
stewardship planning, Report 39 Author: Lowrie, K., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 2000 Citation: June. Abstract: Introduction: A steward, according to Websters New World dictionary (1980), is “a person in charge of the affairs of a large household or estate, whose duties include supervision of the kitchen and the servants, management of household accounts, etc.” Its origins as an English word connote a more humble and earthy image, formed literally from “ward” (in charge of) and “sty” (pigs). Carrying out the duties of a steward, whether it is watching over pigs or managing an entire household, is called stewardship. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) acts as a steward over the large estate that is our nation’s nuclear weapons complex. That is, the DOE is in charge of managing the affairs and accounts at well over 100 sites encompassing 2.4 million acres of land across the United States. When the Cold War ended and weapons production was no longer the primary mission at most sites, the DOE began to use the term stewardship to describe its responsibility to clean up radioactive wastes and restore lands and facilities so that they can be safely used for other purposes by current and future generations. In an effort to strengthen the Department’s long-term stewardship program, the Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management(EM) created an Office of Long-Term Stewardship in November of 1999. The Office is responsible for developing policy and providing technical analyses and field guidance to sites as they move toward the final stages of cleanup and eventual closure. Just prior to the creation of the new Office, the DOE issued a background report to examine some of the programmatic and policy issues associated with stewardship (U.S. DOE-EM, 1999a). These issues will be examined in greater detail in two reports to be completed in the Fall of 2000. One, called the “Long-Term Stewardship Study,” is being prepared pursuant to the terms of a lawsuit settlement agreement between the DOE and environmental groups. The other, a report to Congress required by the National Defense Authorization Act, will include site-specific details about the activities and costs of long-term stewardship at portions of sites to be completed by 2006. There are other stewardship-related references and initiatives within the DOE. In a response to an external report, EM lists at least seven different offices that in engage in some form of stewardship, plus an internal Working Group comprised of various Headquarters and field personnel working on stewardship issues (U.S. DOE-EM, 1999b). EM also supervises a long-term surveillance and monitoring (LTSM) program that has, according to its fact sheet, “provided cost-effective and efficient stewardship for more than 10 years.” The program has assumed care of over 25 completed DOE remedial action project disposal sites and refers to itself as the “long-term steward” responsible to protect health and the environment until the sites are no longer hazardous (U.S. DOE, GJO, 1999b). In yet another take on stewardship, the current strategic plan for the DOE’s Savannah River Site divides stewardship into three separate missions, one related to environmental management and restoration, one to maintenance of the nuclear weapons stockpile and another to the management of nuclear materials (U.S. DOE, SRO, 2000). An even broader interpretation of the word is put forth in the 1994 report entitled “Stewards of a National Resource.” In it, former Secretary Hazel O’Leary pledges the Department to “care responsibly for the vast lands and facilities entrusted to us...make use of these resources wisely (and)…seek opportunities to share our land and facilities with their ultimate owners, the citizens of the United States” (U.S. DOE, 1994). Key stakeholder groups have also begun to explore ideas of stewardship and recommend specific actions to be taken in forming a DOE long-term stewardship program. Stakeholder organizations around the Oak Ridge and Rocky Flats sites have issued full reports on the subject. The Site Specific Advisory Boards representing about a dozen sites held a workshop on stewardship in the Fall of 1999, with another scheduled for the Fall of 2000. Other outside coalitions and advisory panels have addressed the subject as well. Despite, or perhaps because of the groundswell of attention to the topic of stewardship within and around the DOE complex, the exact meaning of the word remains unclear. It is used in a variety of ways to mean a variety of different things depending on the perspective and goals of the program actors or policy authors. Further, the concept of stewardship is by no means unique to the DOE and indeed has been defined and practiced for thousands of years. Historically, the term has had strong religious connotations. However, in the past century, it has been applied to many aspects of life. In the simplest sense, every person is a steward, or manager, over his/her own household affairs. It is a commonly held world view that humans need to “steward” the natural world (Barrett and Grizzle, 1999). But in the broader “household” of society, the term has taken on a host of meanings as it is imbued in religious, social and political philosophies and across different disciplines and cultures. In this paper, we look at the current definitions of stewardship taken from DOE and DOE stakeholder documents, and we also present the meanings of stewardship that have evolved from other spheres of society, including other government agencies, the business world, religious institutions and other cultures. We then discuss some of the common elements of these various meanings of stewardship and some aspects that are unique or even contradictory among the definitions. The intent of such an analysis is to inform the development of the DOE stewardship program, now in its relative infancy, with alternative views of this powerful concept so that the program implemented by the Department is ultimately as strong, rich and effective as it can be. |
| The nature of
fairness: What the biggest land cleanup project in the
world history has to say about the culture of American
environmental management Author: Mercer, D.G. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Dissertations or Theses Completed Publication Date: 1999 Citation: University of Washington Graduate School, Seattle, Washington. Abstract: This dissertation examines the intersection of science and democracy in the culture of American environmental management. The theoretical and methodological approaches taken in this dissertation were inspired by the premise that environmental management theory and practice would benefit from closer contact with critical theoretical discussions about the epistemology of scientific knowledge and political theories of difference. The three empirical chapters are case studies of the Department of Energy's experiences managing the legacies of environmental contamination left by atomic weapons production at Hanford in Washington State, and the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Labs. These case studies suggest that the very idea of objectively measuring and manipulating nature, a premise of environmental management, has changed as a result of increasingly pluralistic citizen involvement in decision making. In this sense, the nature of fairness is that people recreate the means and justifications of managing the environment in the context of where they work, play, and what they imagine of places. This effort contributes to environmental management practice and theory by comparing today's managerial orientations to those in the past, and indicating future alternatives. The prevailing view is that an appropriate goal for environmental managers is to create a political space for communicative reason in hope (if not ever achieved) of reaching public consensus on the facts and identifying reasonable goals. The alternative offered here is to accept that people's facts and values for places are mutually constituted and that conflict is evidence of democracy functioning well. More narrowly, this dissertation demonstrates a survey-based method for comparative cultural analysis of orientations toward objectivity and pluralism; that INEEL stakeholders retain faith in objectivity but have less trust in expertise than in past decades; that Hanford stakeholders used a future land use planning process to make the future in the manner of an imagined past; that Hanford stakeholders held to the notion of objectivity even while their involvement in a scientific assessment made objectivity problematic. |
| The regional
impact of environmental management and new defense
missions at a DOE nuclear weapons production facility Author: Frisch, M. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Annual Conference of the American Collegiate Schools of Planning, Pasadena, CA. November 7. Abstract: |
| The role of
technology development in the hanford high level waste
cleanup. Poster Author: Leschine, T., Other Author(s): J. Abbotts, F. Lo, and A. Guglielmo. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| The shrinking
of the U.S. nuclear weapons complex: Economic and fiscal
impacts on local governments, Report 16 Author: Lowrie, K., Other Author(s): M. Greenberg, and M. Frisch. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1998 Citation: August. Abstract: The end of the Cold War has dramatically decreased the need for continued nuclear weapons production in the United States. The communities around the largest of the Department of Energy-owned (DOE) weapons production and research sites are now facing the socioeconomic impacts caused by the downsizing, mission changes and, in some cases, eventual closure of the sites. The resultant job losses can affect local incomes, property values, retail sales, housing demand and cause other economic stresses that can impact the fiscal health of these communities. This paper examines economic issues facing local governments in the regions surrounding the seven largest facilities in the weapons complex. We surveyed 26 officials responsible for fiscal affairs in towns and counties near the major weapons sites, asking them about the economic and fiscal impacts of the sites on their communities. We find that ripple effects fromjob reductions are hitting hardest in the rural regions that are least equipped to respond to them. Implications for DOE off-site economic development strategy are discussed. |
| The tyranny
of conventional wisdom? A response" Author: Morrill, R. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1999 Citation: Political Geography 18: 45-48. Abstract: The critique from the discussants seems to be based on a priori assumptions that larger governments or wider interests and environmental values are inherently superiod. I raise the issue of whether this is fair or scientific. |
| The US
Department of Energy's Regional Economic Legacy Author: Greenberg, M., Other Author(s): D. Lewis, M. Frisch, K. Lowrie, and H. Mayer. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 2000 Citation: February. Abstract: |
| Time as a
metric in risk characterization Author: Williams, B., Other Author(s): Valei, A., and B. Goldstein. Document Type: CRESP Submitted Manuscripts Publication Date: 2000 Citation: Risk: Health, Safety, and Environment Abstract: |
| Understanding
how consideration of risk contributes to consensus on
cleanup decisions at doe sites. Poster Author: Leschine, L., Other Author(s): J. Abbotts, F. Lo, and A. Guglielmo. Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Understanding
the civic activities of the residents of inner-city
neighborhoods:Two case studies Author: Greenberg, M. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Published Manuscripts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: Urban Geography 19(1): 68-76. Abstract: A survey of 102 residents of two inner-city areas in New Jersey that are stressed by crime, blight, and other serious problems measured residents' values and activities in support of their neighborhoods. Strong values were associated with older female respondents who had strong religious convictions and who did not trust science and experts. Multiple neighborhood actions. were prevalent among older respondents who did not trust science and experts, were optimistic, had a strong internal sense of control, had taken actions to protect their personal health, and were troubled by abandoned houses in the neighborhood. Thirteen of the 102 respondents had taken many actions, had strong values, and shared similar personality and demographic attributes. The characteristics of this multiple activity group are compared to conventional assertions about the characteristics of Americans engaged in civic activities. |
| What happene
to conversion in nuclear weapons complex? An analysis of
regional spending on environmental management and defense
programs in the Department of Energy, Report 34 Author: Frisch M., Other Author(s): and D.A. Lewis. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 2000 Citation: February. Abstract: |
| What happens
when a national security mission ends? The economic
fallout from nuclear weapons technology at Savannah River
Author: Mayer, H., Other Author(s): and M. Greenberg. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1997 Citation: February. Abstract: |
| What's fair
in peace and war?: A survey of citizen attitudes about
fairness at cold war weapons facility. Poster Author: Mercer, D. Other Author(s): Document Type: CRESP Presentations, Posters, and Abstracts Publication Date: 1998 Citation: CRESP 1998 Annual Meeting, Dingmans Ferry, Pa, June. Abstract: |
| Written
comments to DOE on the proposed rulemaking entitled
"Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program" Author: Abbotts, J., Other Author(s): S. Barnhart, S. Bartell, N. Beaudet, K. Ertell, E. Faustman, B. Griffith, R. Ponce, M. Salazar, and T. Takaro. Document Type: CRESP Researcher Reports Publication Date: 1999 Citation: March 9. Abstract: |